Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and perioperative characteristics of the study participants by recurrence status
| Characteristic | Total cohort (N = 127) | Recurrence | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 32) | No (n = 95) | p value | ||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 55 (±15) | 51 (±13) | 57 (±15) | 0.054 |
| History of smoking, n (%) | 40 (31.5) | 7 (21.9) | 33 (34.7) | 0.176 |
| HIV positive, n (%) | 13 (10.2) | 2 (6.3) | 11 (11.6) | 0.514 |
| History of chronic cough, n (%) | 9 (7.1) | 2 (6.3) | 7 (7.4) | 0.831 |
| Parity, n (%) | 0.391 | |||
| 0–3 | 18 (14.2) | 6 (18.8) | 12 (12.6) | |
| 4 and above | 109 (85.8) | 26 (81.3) | 83 (87.4) | |
| Reached menopause, n (%) | 82 (64.6) | 21 (65.6) | 61 (64.2) | 0.885 |
| History of gynecological operation, n (%) | 14 (11.0) | 4 (12.5) | 10 (10.5) | 0.758 |
| Site of prolapse, n (%) | ||||
| Anterior vaginal wall | 94 (74.0) | 20 (62.5) | 74 (77.9) | 0.086 |
| Posterior vaginal wall | 37 (29.1) | 8 (25.0) | 29 (30.5) | 0.552 |
| Uterine prolapse | 92 (72.4) | 23 (71.9) | 69 (72.6) | 0.934 |
| Vault prolapse | 6 (4.7) | 2 (6.3) | 4 (4.2) | 0.641 |
| Enterocele | 12 (9.5) | 2 (6.3) | 10 (10.5) | 0.729 |
| Preoperative POP-Q stage, n (%) | 0.638 | |||
| Stage II | 27 (21.3) | 7 (21.9) | 20 (21.1) | |
| Stage III | 61 (48.0) | 15 (46.9) | 46 (48.4) | |
| Stage IV | 39 (30.7) | 10 (31.3) | 29 (30.5) | |
| Prolapse surgery type, n (%) | 0.057 | |||
| Anterior repair alone | 12 (9.5) | 3 (9.4) | 9 (9.5) | |
| Posterior repair alone | 15 (11.8) | 3 (9.4) | 12 (12.6) | |
| Sacrospinous cervicopexy | 5 (3.9) | 3 (9.4) | 2 (2.1) | |
| TVH with anterior and posterior repair plus vault fixation | 16 (12.6) | 3 (9.4) | 13 (13.7) | |
| TVH with anterior repair plus vault fixation | 55 (43.3) | 9 (28.1) | 46 (48.4) | |
| TVH alone with vault fixation | 17 (13.4) | 8 (25.0) | 9 (9.5) | |
| Vault fixation alone for vault prolapse | 3 (2.4) | 2 (6.3) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Type of vault fixation, n (%) | 0.343 | |||
| Sacrospinous | 67 (52.8) | 20 (62.5) | 47 (49.5) | |
| Uterosacral | 31 (24.4) | 5 (15.6) | 26 (27.4) | |
| Duration of operation in minutes, mean (SD) | 81 (±30) | 77 (±34) | 83 (±28) | 0.3374 |
| Days of hospitalization, median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–5) | 4 (4–5) | 0.2078 |
| Postoperative vaginal cuff infection, n (%) | 10 (7.9) | 4 (12.5) | 6 (6.3) | 0.27 |
IQR inter-quartile range, POP-Q pelvic organ prolapse quantification, SD standard deviation, TVH total vaginal hysterectomy