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. 2022 Jul 8;12:11581. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15617-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of the experimental design. (A) The rats were ICV-injected either with neuraminidase (NA) or with saline (Sal) as control. A behavioral assessment (consisting in open field test and a battery of neurological tests) was carried out 2 weeks after the ICV-injection, and later again at 10 weeks post-ICV. Then, the animals were sacrificed and their brains removed for the study of the inflammatory status by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. (B) Some animals were ICV-injected and sacrificed 2 weeks later, with the aim of obtaining brain tissue samples for studying the inflammatory situation at this time point.