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. 2022 Jul 8;12:11581. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15617-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Parameters related to unsupported rearing, grooming, and freezing behaviors analyzed in the open field test. Rats were ICV-injected either with saline (Sal) or with neuraminidase (NA), and subjected to the open field test 2 weeks (2w) or 10 weeks (10w) after the ICV injection. Several parameters (total time, frequency, latency of the first episode, and the time/frequency ratio) related to the behaviors unsupported rearing (A–D), grooming (E–H) and freezing (I–L) were studied, and the mean values ± SEM (n = 11 for both NA and Sal) are represented in histograms. Student’s t-test were performed in order to check the influence of treatment (Sal versus NA) at both assessments. *p < 0.05.