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. 2022 Jul 8;12:11581. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15617-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA levels of genes related to neuroinflammation 2 and 10 weeks after the ICV administration of neuraminidase. Animals ICV-injected either with saline (Sal) or with neuraminidase (NA) were sacrificed 2 weeks (2w) or 10 weeks (10w) after the ICV. Gene expression was measured by qPCR in hypothalamic tissue samples. The mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα (A), the inflammasome protein NLRP3 (B), the receptor TLR4 (C) and the alarmin HMGB1 (D) were quantified relative to GAPDH expression. Student’s t-test was performed in order to check the influence of treatment (Sal versus NA) on the expression levels of these genes at both time points. The bars in histograms represent the mean value ± SEM of n = 5–6 animals per experimental group. *p < 0.05.