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. 2022 Jul 8;13:3959. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31667-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Temporal variations of global mean LAI sensitivity to sub-surface soil moisture ( $\frac{\partial L A I}{\partial S M s u b}$ ) computed by 3-year blocks between 1982 and 2017. The y-axis denotes the change since 1982 in respective products or models. Solid lines denote the median results from ensemble observations (Obs) and land surface models (Model); Shaded areas denote interquartile ranges of LAI sensitivity from multiple LAI products and models; Text denotes slopes of trends; ** denotes passing the two-sided significance test as assessed with Mann-Kendall at p < 0.01 (Methods: Sensitivity trends). b Trends of LAI sensitivity to sub-surface soil moisture in observations and models using ensemble means. c Similar to b but for land surface models. Insets indicate the area fraction of decreasing and increasing trends within the global land area, excluding irrigated and non-vegetated regions. Light blue and red colors denote insignificant changes (p > =0.1); dark blue and red colors denote significant changes (p < 0.1). In b, c, two-sided significance tests are done for each grid cell at the p < 0.1 level as assessed with Mann-Kendall’s test. See Methods: Auxiliary data about the determination of irrigated/non-vegetated and non-soil-moisture controlled regions.