TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics
| Study A | Study B | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 40) | Neurological disease a (n = 154) | Controls (n = 12) | Relapsing–remitting multiple scleroses (n = 11) | |
| Age (years) | 50.5 | 53.4 | 31.3 | 43.4 |
| Sex (% female) | 57 | 47 | 67 | 73 |
| Haptoglobin phenotype (count) | ||||
| HP1‐1 | 7 (17.5%) | 25 (16.2%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (9%) |
| HP2‐1 | 18 (45.0%) | 63 (40.9%) | 7 (58%) | 5 (45.5%) |
| HP2‐2 | 15 (37.5%) | 66 (42.9%) | 4 (33%) | 5 (45.5%) |
| Zonulin (ng/ml) | 63.0 (290.5) | 58.5 (216.9) | .0 (314.4) | 67.5 (323.8) |
| Q Alb | .005 (.003) | .007 (.01) | – | – |
| Ki | – | – | −.006 (.03) | .06 (.05) |
Note: Age is given as the mean, zonulin, Q Alb and Ki are given as medians (interquartile range).
a
Diagnoses for participants with neurological disease in Study A included: inflammatory disease (n = 79), degenerative disease (n = 13), ischaemic disease (n = 13), normal pressure hydrocephalus (n = 9), infectious (n = 5), headache syndrome (n = 5), tumour (n = 2), structural (n = 2), epilepsy (n = 1), idiopathic (n = 1), hereditary neuropathy (n = 1), metabolic (n = 1), vascular (n = 1) and unknown (n = 21).