Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study population
| Baseline variables | Total population# (n = 882) | Group A (Atorvastatin) (n = 221) | Group B (Aspirin) (n = 221) | Group C (Both) (n = 221) | Group D (None) (n = 219) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52 (46–59) | 51 (45–59) | 53 (46–60) | 52 (46–57) | 52 (46–60) |
| Sex–Male | 650 (74) | 166 (75) | 160 (72) | 163 (74) | 161 (74) |
| Number of days since symptom onset | 6 (4–8) | 6 (3–8) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–9) | 5 (4–8) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Diabetes | 244 (28) | 65 (29) | 57 (26) | 69 (31) | 53 (24) |
| Hypertension | 252 (29) | 66 (30) | 65 (29) | 62 (28) | 59 (27) |
| Coronary artery disease | 10 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 2 (1) |
| Liver dysfunction | 5 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 21 (2) | 5 (2) | 5 (2) | 4 (2) | 7 (3) |
| Symptoms | |||||
| Fever | 572 (65) | 149 (67) | 136 (62) | 147 (67) | 140 (64) |
| Cough | 496 (56) | 122 (55) | 119 (54) | 127 (58) | 128 (58) |
| Shortness of breath | 256 (29) | 58 (26) | 66 (30) | 76 (34) | 56 (26) |
| Desaturation | 82 (9) | 16 (7) | 18 (8) | 28 (13) | 20 (9) |
| Body ache | 94 (11) | 29 (13) | 22 (10) | 21 (10) | 22 (10) |
| G I symptoms | 85 (10) | 20 (9) | 24 (11) | 21 (10) | 20 (9) |
| Loss of smell | 31 (4) | 7 (3) | 7 (3) | 6 (3) | 11 (5) |
| Loss of taste | 49 (6) | 11 (5) | 12 (6) | 13 (6) | 13 (6) |
| Treatment received | |||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 87 (10) | 29 (13) | 18 (8) | 19 (9) | 21 (10) |
| Azithromycin | 103 (12) | 31 (14) | 23 (10) | 26 (12) | 23 (11) |
| Remdesivir | 182 (21) | 39 (18) | 51 (23) | 51 (23) | 41 (19) |
| Favipiravir | 38 (4) | 11 (5) | 10 (5) | 7 (3) | 10 (5) |
| Doxycycline | 177 (20) | 48 (22) | 48 (22) | 36 (16) | 45 (21) |
| Anticoagulation | 247 (28) | 66 (30) | 64 (29) | 63 (29) | 54 (25) |
| Plasma therapy | 2 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Tocilizumab | 5 (1) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Steroid | 241 (27) | 58 (26) | 65 (29) | 58 (26) | 60 (27) |
| Baseline ordinal scale | |||||
| 3 | 724 (82) | 181 (82) | 182 (82) | 178 (81) | 183 (84) |
| 4 | 133 (15) | 33 (15) | 33 (15) | 37 (17) | 30 (14) |
| 5 | 25 (3) | 7 (3) | 6 (3) | 6 (3) | 6 (3) |
| Blood investigations | |||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13 (11.7–14.3) | 13.1 (11.8–14.3) | 12.9 (11.7–14.4) | 13.1 (12–14.3) | 12.9 (11.6–14.2) |
| TLC (/μL) | 5905 (4540 -7 710) | 5670 (4530–7510) | 5920 (4600–7670) | 5890 (4480–7860) | 6020 (4600–8000) |
| Platelet (× 103 /μL) | 200 (149–258) | 203 (156–262) | 210 (151–261) | 196 (149–254) | 187 (141–262) |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 27 (21.4–36.4) | 25.7 (21–36.4) | 25.7 (21.4–36) | 27.00 (21–36.4) | 28.50 (22–38.5) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) |
| SGOT (IU/L) | 38 (28.4–55) | 37 (27.7–53) | 41 (29–56) | 38 (29–54.2) | 36 (29–54) |
| SGPT (IU/L) | 39 (25.5–60) | 38 (24–57.2) | 39.9 (27–61) | 39 (26.5–59) | 39 (25–60) |
| ALP (IU) | 83 (67–108) | 80 (65–110) | 83 (20–109) | 85 (67–108) | 85 (69–104) |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 220.6 (106–506) | 202 (97.9–436) | 249.85 (121–493.9) | 225.5 (109–538.4) | 220.5 (105.9–571.3) |
| D-Dimer (ng/mL) | 153 (84–271) | 138 (84–244) | 159 (83–256) | 152 (87–299) | 168 (85–284) |
| PT (sec) | 12.2 (11.5–13) | 12.3 (11.5–13.1) | 12.3 (11.6–13.2) | 12.1 (11.45–12.9) | 12.1 (11.5–13) |
| INR | 1.1 (1–1.1) | 1.1 (1–1.1) | 1.1 (1–1.1) | 1.1 (1–1.11) | 1 (1–1.1) |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 1.4 (0.3–5.8) | 1.4 (0.3–5.3) | 1.5 (0.3–7) | 1.2 (0.3–6.3) | 1.2 (0.3–4.9) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 6 (1.8–22) | 6.8 (2–25.4) | 5.5 (1.8–22) | 7.9 (2–28.6) | 5.2 (1.4–14.7) |
| Trop I (ng/mL) | 0.005 (0.001–0.008) | 0.006 (0.001–0.007) | 0.004 (0.001–0.008) | 0.005 (0.001–0.008) | 0.005 (0.001–0.008) |
| CPK (IU/L) | 96 (57–170) | 92.50 (56–190) | 98 (53–176) | 97 (62–154) | 97.50 (54–162) |
Values are median (p25–p75) or n (%)
Local lab ranges: CRP ≤ 0.06 mg/dl, IL6 = 0–4.4 pg/ml, Ferritin = 22–322 ng/ml, D-dimer ≤ 500 ng/ml, CPK = 32–294 IU/L and Troponin I ≤ 0.04 ng/ml
SD = standard deviation, GI = gastrointestinal, TLC = total leucocyte count, SGOT = serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, SGPT = serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ALP = alkaline phosphatase, PT = prothrombin time, INR = international normalized ratio, CPK = creatine phosphokinase, CRP = C-reactive protein, IL-6 = interleukin 6, Trop I = troponin I, IU = International Unit, L = litre, mL = millilitre, mg = milligram, pg = picogram, ng = nanogram
#Modified intension-to-treat analysis