Table 1.
Candidate IFN-responsive latency restriction factors
| Gene | scRNA-seq (Fig. 7B–D) | Bulk RNA-seq DDE (Fig. 3B, C) | qRT-PCR studies (Figs.1 , 2) | Gene function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GBP1 | Suppressed in vRNAhi & vRNAlo cells* | Not significant | Not tested | Inhibits viral glycoproteins | [99],[100] |
| IFIT1 | Not significant | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Inhibits viral RNA expression | [68] |
| IFIT2 | Not significant | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | suppressed in JLat9.2* | Inhibits viral RNA expression | [68] |
| IFITM1 | Suppressed in vRNAhi & vRNAlo cells* | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Suppressed in all latent cell lines* and RGH latent cells* | Blocks viral fusion and release |
[15] [101] [20] |
| IFITM2 | Suppressed in vRNAhi & vRNAlo cells* | Not significant | Not tested | Inhibits viral entry & induces apoptosis |
[15] [101] [20] |
| IFITM3 | Suppressed in vRNAhi & vRNAlo cells* | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Not tested | Inhibits viral entry |
[15] [101] [20] |
| ISG15 | Not significant | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Suppressed in JLat9.2* and ACH2 cells | Isgylates antiviral proteins to enhance/inhibit activity; antiviral activity against many viruses |
[18] [20] [51] |
| MT2A | Suppressed in vRNAhi & vRNAlo cells* | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Not tested | Anti-oxidant; regulates intracellular heavy metals; regulates apoptosis | [49] |
| MX1 | Not significant | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Suppressed in JLat9.2* and JLat11.1* | binding/inactivation of viral ribonucleocapsid | [20] |
| OAS1 | Not significant | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Suppressed in all latent cell lines* and RGH latent cells* | Activates Rnase L to degrade viral RNA | [20] |
| RPL5 | Suppressed in vRNAhi & vRNAlo cells* | Not significant | Not tested | Ribosome component; binds 5S RNA | [69] |
| RSAD2 (viperin) | Not significant | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Not tested | Inhibits viral RNA replication; binds viral proteins; dysregulates lipid metabolism | [21] |
| STAT1 | Downregulated in resting vRNAhi & vRNAlo cells* | Suppressed in JLat9.2* | Not tested | Critical IFN signaling effector in JAK/STAT pathway; inhibits NF-κB; potentiates TNF⍺-mediated apoptosis | [20][102] |
Bold = key genes suppressed in multiple studies
*Statistically significant (p < 0.05)