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. 2022 Jul 5;13:43–58. doi: 10.2147/POR.S360044

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© 2022 Hancock et al.

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GINA treatment intensity steps for adults living with asthma. Adapted from Global Initiative for Asthma, 2020; *Step 5 is not traditionally subdivided into two groups 5a and 5b, this has been done for the purposes of the present investigation to allow for a more detailed understanding of ICS and OCS use in Australian adults living with asthma.

Abbreviations: BDP-form, beclometasone-formoterol; Bud-form, budesonide formoterol; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; HDM SLIT, house dust mite subcutaneous allergy immunotherapy; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; IgE, immunoglobulin E; IL4R, interleukin 4 receptor; IL5/5R, interleukin 5/5 receptor; LABA, long-acting beta agonist; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; OCS, oral corticosteroids; SABA, short acting beta agonist.