Figure 4.

Auditory deviants evoked pupil dilation responses in ASD and TD children. A, Averaged pupil dilation results from the TD group (N = 31, left) and the ASD group (N = 40, right). The solid lines represent the average pupil diameter related to the baseline (0.5 s preonset) as a function of time. The shaded area shows ±1 SEM. Bottom, Colored horizontal lines indicate time intervals where bootstrap statistics confirmed a significant difference between the standard condition and each deviant condition. n.s., not significant. B, The average PDR to standard (gray) and two deviants (blue for noise and red for laughter) for TD and ASD groups are shown side by side. The average PDR was computed over the interval from 1 s to 2 s postonset. The gray lines indicate individual subjects. The error bar shows ±1 SEM.