herk1 the1-4 and fer-4 mutant lines show enhanced late responses to salt stress. (A) Root growth rate of 7-day-old Col-0 and herk1 the1-4 seedlings. Each of the dots represent the average of three independent experiments (n=45 per treatment, per genotype). Statistical comparisons were performed using a Levene's test, followed by two-tailed, unpaired t-test; *P<0.05. (B) Four-day-old seedlings of the Col-0, fer-4 and herk1 the1-4 lines were subjected to an NaCl gradient and root angle was analyzed. Histograms represent the average root angle of three independent experiments, error bars represent s.e.m. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (α=0.05) were used to compare differences between one treatment in the three genotypes (black lowercase letters for mock, red uppercase letters for NaCl treatment). n=150. Multiple two-tailed, unpaired t-test comparisons according to Benjamini–Hochberg correction analyzed between mock treatments and salt treatments at 24 and 48 h are shown. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; n.s., not significant.