The diversity of body waves in the body-elongation and limb-reduction continuum. (Top) Photos of species and the snapshots of their body motion during one period (at a scale of seconds) of locomotion. Seven species were studied (from left to right): U. scoparia, S. olivaceus, B. kadwa, B. taylori, B. muntingkamay, L. praepedita, and C. occipitalis. The relative limb size (l: the hind limb length normalized by SVL) and number of presacral vertebrae (V) for each species are labeled (30, 32). (Bottom) The projections of body curvature into the reduced shape space and the estimation of σ for each animal. Units of axes are identical to leftmost bottom panel.