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. 2022 Jun 27;119(27):e2202310119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2202310119

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Standardized effect sizes of LULCTs on the ecosystem in the Brazilian Amazon. (A) Standardized effect sizes (ES) of 15 LULCTs (three of which are bidirectional and are shown only once: PA–MA, PA–SFy, and MA–SFy) on seven biodiversity groups, four carbon pools, and seven soil properties. (B) Boxplots of the absolute values of effect sizes (dots) for the impact of 15 LULCTs on biodiversity, carbon pools, and soil properties in the Brazilian Amazon. The numbers in B, Right are the median standardized effect sizes, converted to absolute values. The standardized effect sizes were derived from mixed-effects models analyzing the impact of LULCTs on individual variables within an ecosystem component. Note that in B the transitions are ordered from largest to smallest impact based on their median effect sizes and therefore differ among ecosystem components. The transitions MA–SFy, PA–SFy, and PA–MA are bidirectional.