Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by treatment arm and overall
| Variable | 1 mg/d | 5 mg/d | 15 mg/d | Placebo | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 22 | N = 36 | N = 13 | N = 32 | N = 103 | |
| Age, y | 66.9 ± 8.1 | 67.4 ± 8.6 | 69.8 ± 7.3 | 67.3 ± 6.4 | 67.6 ± 7.6 |
| Weight, kg | 94.3 ± 9.9 | 90.0 ± 15.9 | 88.3 ± 14.0 | 85.6 ± 11.5 | 89.3 ± 13.4 |
| BMI | 30.2 ± 3.9 | 29.1 ± 4.2 | 30.2 ± 5.3 | 27.9 ± 3.6 | 29.1 ± 4.1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4.6% (1) | 0% (0) | 7.7% (1) | 0% (0) | 1.9% (2) |
| Lipid panel | |||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 176.4 ± 32.6 | 173.4 ± 33.1 | 179.8 ± 31.8 | 176.6 ± 28.0 | 175.8 ± 30.9 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 50.0 ± 11.4 | 51.3 ± 13.2 | 52.2 ± 15.0 | 55.5 ± 14.8 | 52.4 ± 13.6 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 102.1 ± 30.8 | 100.7 ± 28.8 | 104.0 ± 25.2 | 100.9 ± 24.2 | 101.5 ± 27.1 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 129.3 ± 53.9 | 107.9 ± 46.2 | 131.2 ± 83.7 | 100.8 ± 43.3 | 113.2 ± 53.6 |
| Cholesterol efflux, % | 3.73 ± 0.67 | 3.75 ± 0.86 | 3.16 ± 0.71 | 3.73 ± 0.75 | 3.67 ± 0.78 |
| Hepatic lipase, ng/dL | 38.8 ± 21.1 | 41.7 ± 23.0 | 42.5 ± 14.7 | 40.6 ± 21.4 | 40.9 ± 21.0 |
| ApoA1, mg/dL | 147.5 ± 28.8 | 145.1 ± 36.6 | 151.8 ± 30.4 | 159.0 ± 32.9 | 150.8 ± 33.2 |
| 1 mg/d | 5 mg/d | 15 mg/d | Placebo | Overall | |
| N = 13 | N = 13 | N = 13 | N = 13 | N = 52 | |
| Cholesterol efflux/HDL particle No. ratio (% per μmol HDL/L) | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 0.47 ± 0.14 | 0.39 ± 0.12 | 0.39 ± 0.09 | 0.41 ± 0.12 |
| ApoB, mg/dL | 74.2 ± 19.5 | 73.6 ± 19.7 | 80.8 ± 17.4 | 71.0 ± 14.9 | 74.9 ± 17.8 |
| HDL particle No. | |||||
| Total HDL particle concentration, μmol/L | 9.5 ± 2.2 | 8.3 ± 1.8 | 8.9 ± 3.5 | 9.9 ± 2.3 | 9.2 ± 2.5 |
| Extra-small HDL subspecies, μmol/L | 0.69 ± 0.29 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.74 ± 0.32 | 0.67 ± 0.27 | 0.70 ± 0.26 |
| Small HDL subspecies, μmol/L | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 0.77 | 2.2 ± 0.65 | 2.4 ± 0.98 | 2.2 ± 0.87 |
| Medium HDL subspecies, μmol/L | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 0.92 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.1 |
| Medium-large subspecies, μmol/L | 0.80 ± 0.75 | 0.44 ± 0.33 | 0.35 ± 0.31 | 0.54 ± 0.51 | 0.53 ± 0.52 |
| Large HDL subspecies, μmol/L | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 0.99 | 2.0 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.3 |
| Extra-large HDL subspecies, μmol/L | 0.52 ± 0.24 | 0.55 ± 0.27 | 0.57 ± 0.50 | 0.63 ± 0.48 | 0.57 ± 0.38 |
| HDL Particle Size | |||||
| Extra-small HDL subspecies, nm | 7.5 ± 0.08 | 7.5 ± 0.08 | 7.5 ± 0.09 | 7.5 ± 0.09 | 7.5 ± 0.08 |
| Small HDL subspecies, nm | 8.1 ± 0.08 | 8.1 ± 0.06 | 8.2 ± 0.08 | 8.1 ± 0.08 | 8.1 ± 0.07 |
| Medium HDL subspecies, nm | 8.9 ± 0.11 | 9.0 ± 0.09 | 9.0 ± 0.11 | 9.0 ± 0.12 | 9.0 ± 0.11 |
| Medium-large HDL subspecies, nm | 9.7 ± 0.11 | 9.7 ± 0.08 | 9.8 ± 0.08 | 9.7 ± 0.11 | 9.7 ± 0.10 |
| Large HDL subspecies, nm | 10.6 ± 0.14 | 10.7 ± 0.11 | 10.6 ± 0.12 | 10.7 ± 0.14 | 10.7 ± 0.12 |
| Extra-large HDL subspecies, nm | 12.2 ± 0.27 | 12.4 ± 0.22 | 12.4 ± 0.26 | 12.4 ± 0.26 | 12.4 ± 0.26 |
| Protein-defined HDL subspecies | |||||
| Total plasma APOA1 concentration (mg/dL) | 200.8 ± 24.1 | 178.9 ± 34.6 | 193.7 ± 26.3 | 193.9 ± 28.5 | 191.8 ± 28.9 |
| APOA1 concentration (mg/dL) of HDL that contains α2-macroglobulin | 4.4 ± 1.5 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 5.1 ± 0.94 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.3 |
| APOA1 concentration (mg/dL) of HDL that contains apoC1 | 29.0 ± 6.4 | 27.8 ± 8.4 | 33.5 ± 10.0 | 26.6 ± 8.2 | 29.2 ± 8.5 |
| APOA1 concentration (mg/dL) of HDL that contains apoC3 | 10.0 ± 2.7 | 9.6 ± 4.2 | 8.6 ± 2.8 | 9.6 ± 5.4 | 9.4 ± 3.8 |
| APOA1 concentration (mg/dL) of HDL that contains complement C3 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.6 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 4.4 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 1.8 |
| APOA1 concentration (mg/dL) of HDL that contains apoE | 33.1 ± 11.0 | 23.7 ± 8.0 | 26.0 ± 8.5 | 23.4 ± 5.9 | 26.6 ± 9.2 |
| APOA1 concentration (mg/dL) of HDL that contains plasminogen | 8.1 ± 3.4 | 5.2 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 2.5 | 6.7 ± 3.8 | 6.5 ± 3.1 |
Legend: values are presented as mean ± SD and percentage and number of participants for categorical variable.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.