Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristics | HC (n = 29) | H-RNT (n = 52) | VH-RNT (n = 55) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Years, Mean ± SD | 31.2 ± 6 9.8 | 35.3 ± 6 12.6 | 34.4 ± 6 11.3 | .313 |
| Female, n (%) | 17 (58.6%) | 38 (73.1%) | 43 (78.2%) | .161 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Asian | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | .208 |
| Black | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.8%) | 6 (10.9%) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (3.4%) | 2 (3.8%) | 3 (5.5%) | |
| Native American | 2 (6.9%) | 9 (17.3%) | 10 (18.2%) | |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (5.5%) | |
| White | 25 (86.2%) | 37 (71.2%) | 33 (60%) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| No High school | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 5 (9.1%) | .446 |
| High school | 5 (17.2%) | 9 (17.3%) | 8 (14.5%) | |
| Some college | 11 (37.9%) | 22 (42.3%) | 24 (43.6%) | |
| College or higher | 13 (44.8%) | 20 (38.5%) | 18 (32.7%) | |
| Psychotropic Medication, n (%) | 4 (13.8%) | 35 (67.3%)a | 36 (65.5%)a | <.001 |
| Employed, n (%) | 22 (78.6%) | 29 (60.4%)a | 33 (62.5%)a | .236 |
| OASIS, Mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 10.0 ± 2.9a | 10.4 ± 3.6a | <.001 |
| PHQ-9, Mean ± SD | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 13.8 ± 3.8a | 14.6 ± 4.2a | <.001 |
| RRS, Mean ± SD | 29.03 ± 6.7 | 47.8 ± 8.0a,b | 64.8 ± 6.2a,c | <.001 |
| WHODAS, Mean ± SD | 13.8 ± 3.0 | 23.5 ± 7.1a,b | 27.3 ± 8.6a,c | <.001 |
HC, healthy comparison; H-RNT, high RNT; MDD, major depressive disorder; OASIS, Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; RNT, repetitive negative thinking; RRS, Ruminative Response Scale; VH-RNT, very high RNT; WHODAS, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule.
a
Significantly different from HC.
b
Significantly different from VH-RNT.
c
Significantly different from H-RNT.