TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Sample size (T/C) | Age (Y) | Gender (M/F) | Course of disease | Co-Intervention | Intervention | Duration | Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | T | C | T | C | T | C | |||||
| Wang (2010) | 30/30 | 45.8 ± 6.2 | 45.9 ± 7.1 | 25/5 | 22/8 | 8.6 ± 4.8 m | 8.5 ± 4.3 m | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.25 g,tid) | Metformin (0.25 g,tid) | 3 m | ①⑤⑥⑧⑩⑪ |
| Zheng et al. (2016) | 43/43 | 48.76 ± 5.59 | 49.11 ± 5.24 | 29/14 | 28/15 | NR | NR | NR | CHM pill+metformin (0.5 g,tid) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid) | 3 m | ⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ |
| Kang et al. (2016) | 45/45 | 53.59 ± 10.34 | 50.27 ± 10.4 | 28/17 | 26/19 | 2.86 ± 1.63 y | 2.6 ± 1.46 y | Lifestyle intervention | CHM granules +conventional treatment | Conventional treatment (oral hypoglycemic drug and insulin) | 6 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Xia (2017) | 30/30 | 51 ± 8.69 | 53.53 ± 7.44 | 18/12 | 17/13 | 7.13 ± 3.34 y | 6.86 ± 3.33 y | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+conventional treatment | Conventional treatment (oral hypoglycemic drug and hypolipidemic drug) | 2 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑩⑪ |
| Wang (2018) | 30/30 | 51.26 ± 8.43 | 52.47 ± 7.52 | 16/14 | 18/12 | 7.15 ± 3.3 y | 6.85 ± 3.41 y | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin and fenofibrate | Metformin and fenofibrate | 2 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Chen (2018) | 30/30 | 61.07 ± 9.2 | 58.9 ± 10.27 | 12/18 | 12/18 | 3.2 ± 1.56 y | 3 ± 1.39 y | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.5 g,tid) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid) | 2 m | ①②③⑤⑥⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Wang et al. (2018) | 48/48 | 54.21 ± 3.71 | 54.27 ± 3.45 | 32/16 | 31/17 | 30.1 ± 4.7 m | 30.6 ± 4.8 m | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+saxagliptin (5 mg,qd) | Saxagliptin (5 mg,qd) | 3 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑪ |
| Guan et al. (2018) | 30/30 | 50.93 ± 9.32 | 53.07 ± 7.69 | 16/14 | 15/15 | 4.72 ± 2.91 y | 5.28 ± 4.57 y | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+conventional treatment | Conventional treatment (oral hypoglycemic drug and hypolipidemic drug) | 3 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Zou (2019) | 30/30 | 54 ± 6.95 | 51 ± 8.63 | 15/15 | 16/14 | 13.6 ± 5.11 y | 11.1 ± 4.78 y | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.5 g,tid) and simvastatin (10 mg,qn) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid) and simvastatin (10 mg,qn) | 3 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Wang (2019) | 51/51 | 53.64 ± 5.17 | 54.19 ± 5.25 | 29/22 | 27/24 | NR | NR | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.5 g,tid), glimepiride (3 mg,qd), and xuezhikang capsule (0.6 g,bid) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid), glimepiride (3 mg,qd), and xuezhikang capsule (0.6 g,bid) | 2 m | ①⑤⑥⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Liu (2019) | 34/34 | 47.88 ± 11.94 | 51.41 ± 11.93 | 20/14 | 17/17 | 6.4 ± 5.24 | 7.19 ± 5.47 | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+ metformin (0.5 g,tid), acarbose (50 mg,tid), and rosuvastatin (10 mg,qd) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid), acarbose (50 mg,tid), and rosuvastatin (10 mg,qd) | 6 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Li (2019) | 36/36 | 25–65 | 25–65 | 17/19 | 20/16 | NR | NR | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.85 g,qd) | Metformin (0.85 g,qd) | 3 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑨⑪ |
| Wang (2020) | 30/30 | 53.96 ± 7.21 | 51.96 ± 8.32 | 16/14 | 17/13 | 13.1 ± 4.9 | 12.3 ± 3.77 | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.5 g,tid) and atorvastatin (10 mg,qn) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid) and atorvastatin (10 mg,qn) | 3 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪ |
| Liu (2020) | 30/30 | 39.43 ± 6.31 | 39.1 ± 7.28 | 14/16 | 13/17 | 0.31 ± 0.59 | 0.52 ± 0.69 | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.5 g,tid), pioglitazone (30 mg,qd), and rosuvastatin (5 mg,qn) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid), pioglitazone (30 mg,qd), and rosuvastatin (5 mg,qn) | 3 m | ①②③④⑦⑧⑩⑪ |
| Li et al. (2020) | 40/40 | 55.37 ± 7.61 | 56.74 ± 7.95 | 25/15 | 26/14 | 10.42 ± 3.03 | 9.93 ± 2.89 | Lifestyle intervention | CHM granules +metformin (1 g,bid) | Metformin (1 g,bid) | 3 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑨⑪ |
| Chen et al. (2021a) | 46/46 | 57.94 ± 9.08 | 58.56 ± 9.23 | 29/17 | 26/20 | 8.03 ± 1.76 | 7.45 ± 1.88 | Lifestyle intervention | CHM oral liquid +conventional treatment | Conventional treatment (oral hypoglycemic drug, insulin, and atorvastatin 20 mg,qd) | 3 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑨⑪ |
| Fan et al. (2021) | 45/45 | 37.4 ± 8.1 | 38 ± 7.8 | 28/17 | 30/15 | 3.37 ± 1.4 | 3.54 ± 1.36 | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction +pioglitazone and metformin tablets (15 mg:500 mg,bid) and rosuvastatin (10 mg,qn) | Pioglitazone and metformin tablets (15 mg:500 mg,bid) and rosuvastatin (10 mg,qn) | 2 m | ①②③⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ |
| Pu et al. (2021) | 110/110 | 51.79 ± 8.77 | 51.78 ± 8.41 | 62/48 | 68/42 | 3.09 ± 0.48 | 3.03 ± 0.51 | Lifestyle intervention | CHM decoction+metformin (0.5 g,tid), glimepiride (3 mg,qd), and xuezhikang capsule (0.6 g,bid) | Metformin (0.5 g,tid), glimepiride (3 mg,qd), and xuezhikang capsule (0.6 g,bid) | 6 m | ①②③④⑤⑥⑧⑨⑪ |
Abbreviations: T: treatment group; C: control group; CHM: Chinese herbal medicine; F: female; M: male; NR: not reported; Y: year; W: week; ①: triglyceride; ②: total cholesterol; ③: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ④: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ⑤: alanine transaminase; ⑥: aspartate transaminase; ⑦: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; ⑧: fasting blood glucose; ⑨: 2-h postprandial glucose; ⑩: body mass index; ⑪: overall effective rate.