TABLE 4.
Certainty of evidence: CHM compared to control treatment for T2DM with NAFLD.
| Certainty assessment | No. of patients | Effect | Certainty | Importance | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | CHM | Control treatment | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute (95% CI) | ||
| Triglyceride | ||||||||||||
| 17 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 690 | 687 | - | MD 0.35 lower (0.51 lower to 0.19 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Total cholesterol | ||||||||||||
| 15 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 609 | 606 | - | MD 0.58 SD lower (0.8 lower to 0.36 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | ||||||||||||
| 15 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 591 | 588 | - | MD 0.37 lower (0.47 lower to 0.26 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | ||||||||||||
| 13 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 516 | 513 | - | MD 0.2 higher (0.1 higher to 0.29 higher) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Alanine transaminase | ||||||||||||
| 17 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 703 | 700 | - | MD 4.99 lower (6.64 lower to 3.33 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Aspartate transaminase | ||||||||||||
| 17 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 703 | 700 | - | MD 4.76 lower (6.35 lower to 3.16 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance | ||||||||||||
| 9 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 313 | 311 | - | MD 1.01 lower (1.22 lower to 0.79 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Fasting blood glucose | ||||||||||||
| 18 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 733 | 730 | - | MD 0.87 lower (1.13 lower to 0.61 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Two-hour postprandial glucose | ||||||||||||
| 14 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 595 | 592 | - | MD 1.45 lower (2 lower to 0.91 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Body mass index | ||||||||||||
| 11 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Serious b | Not serious | Not serious | None | 366 | 364 | - | MD 0.73 lower (1.35 lower to 0.12 lower) | ⊕⊕⊚⊚Low | Important |
| Overall effective rate | ||||||||||||
| 16 | Randomized trials | Serious a | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 570/645 (88.4%) | 413/642 (64.3%) | RR 1.37 (1.29–1.46) | 238 more per 1,000 (from 187 more to 296 more) | ⊕⊕⊕⊚Moderate | Important |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MD, mean difference; RR, risk ratio; a, the risk of bias assessment is mostly “unclear risk” in articles; b, ihere is serious heterogeneity among the studies included in the analysis of this outcome.