Table 2.
Odds ratios of CHD by different DHEA and DHEAS status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| Odds ratios (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Men | |||
| DHEA (nmol/L) | |||
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 0.68 (0.39–1.19) | 0.68 (0.39–1.19) | 0.93 (0.46–1.88) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.39 (0.21–0.73) | 0.38 (0.20–0.71) | 0.44 (0.20–0.96) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.28 (0.14–0.58) | 0.27 (0.13–0.57) | 0.38 (0.16–0.90) |
| p for trend | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.037 |
| Per SD increment | 0.54 (0.39–0.74) | 0.53 (0.38–0.74) | 0.59 (0.40–0.87) |
| DHEAS (μmol/L) | |||
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 0.84 (0.48–1.46) | 0.85 (0.48–1.49) | 0.63 (0.31–1.26) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.50 (0.27–0.93) | 0.50 (0.27–0.92) | 0.38 (0.18–0.83) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.29 (0.14–0.60) | 0.28 (0.13–0.58) | 0.27 (0.11–0.67) |
| p for trend | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.018 |
| Per SD increment | 0.62 (0.47–0.83) | 0.61 (0.46–0.81) | 0.56 (0.38–0.82) |
| Women | |||
| DHEA (nmol/L) | |||
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 0.82 (0.37–1.79) | 0.86 (0.39–1.92) | 1.37 (0.50–3.78) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.58 (0.25–1.38) | 0.61 (0.25–1.49) | 0.53 (0.15–1.84) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.91 (0.41–2.01) | 1.00 (0.45–2.26) | 1.65 (0.60–4.49) |
| p for trend | 0.659 | 0.700 | 0.343 |
| Per SD increment | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | 1.08 (0.81–1.44) | 1.06 (0.73–1.53) |
| DHEAS (μmol/L) | |||
| Quartile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Quartile 2 | 1.36 (0.63–2.94) | 1.45 (0.66–3.18) | 1.97 (0.69–5.65) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.93 (0.39–2.25) | 0.84 (0.34–2.10) | 1.50 (0.48–4.68) |
| Quartile 4 | 1.08 (0.47–2.50) | 1.11 (0.47–2.60) | 1.59 (0.52–4.82) |
| p for trend | 0.804 | 0.638 | 0.653 |
| Per SD increment | 0.95 (0.70–1.28) | 0.95 (0.70–1.29) | 1.08 (0.76–1.53) |
Model 1: adjusted for age; model 2: model 1 + current smoking, current drinking, and insurance type; model 3: model 2 + BMI, duration of diabetes, SBP, LDL-C, FBG, HbA1c, and the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors
CI, confidence interval; CHD, coronary heart disease; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin, GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; SGLT-2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.
Bold results are statistically significant.