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. 2022 Jun 27;13:890166. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890166

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Copyright © 2022 Bai and Cui

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Immunotherapeutic Strategies Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. (A) Therapeutic strategies based on tumor microenvironmental inhibitory signals; (B) Therapeutic strategies based on tumor microenvironmental stimulatory signals. SLCs, solute carrier transporters; DC, dendritic cell; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; Treg, regulatory cell; NK, natural killer cell; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TCR, T cell receptor; PD-1, programmed cell death-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1; TIM-3, lymphocyte-activation gene -3; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; CSF-1, colony-stimulating factor-1; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4; β2M: β2- microglobulin; MCT, monocarboxylate transporter; ACAT1, Acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase 1; OVs, oncolytic viruses; TILs, infiltrating lymphocyte cells; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; TLR, toll-like receptor 9.