Table 3.
Comparison of treatment between two groups in NIAP
| Initial empiric antibiotics for NIAP | Overall (n = 379) | Treatment failure (n = 119) | Treatment success (n = 260) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monotherapy | 192 (50.7) | 53 (44.5) | 139 (53.5) |
| B-lactam antibiotics | 177 (46.7) | 50 (42.0) | 127 (48.8) |
| Fluoroquinolones | 6 (1.6) | 0 | 6 (1.6) |
| Glycopeptides | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
| Aminoglycosides | 2 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (0.8) |
| Miscellaneous | 6 (1.6) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (1.2) |
| Dual combination therapy | 161 (42.5) | 52 (43.7) | 109 (41.9) |
| B-lactam + Fluoroquinolones | 114 (30.1) | 29 (24.4) | 85 (32.7) |
| B-lactam + Glycopeptides | 28 (7.4) | 13 (10.9) | 15 (5.8) |
| B-lactam + Aminoglycosides | 5 (1.3) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (0.8) |
| B-lactam + Nitroimidazoles | 5 (1.3) | 3 (2.5) | 2 (0.8) |
| B-lactam + Macrolides | 7 (1.8) | 2 (1.7) | 5 (1.9) |
| Miscellaneous | 4 (1.1) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (0.8) |
| Triple combination therapy | 21 (5.5) | 11 (9.2)a | 10 (3.8) |
| B-lactam + Fluoroquinolones + Glycopeptides | 10 (2.6) | 6 (5.0) | 4 (1.5) |
| B-lactam + Fluoroquinolones + Nitroimidazoles | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) |
| B-lactam + Aminoglycosides + Glycopeptides | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
| B-lactam + Aminoglycosides + Nitroimidazoles | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
| Miscellaneous | 7 (1.8) | 3 (2.5) | 4 (1.5) |
| Duration of antibiotics, day | 12 (7–24) | 10 (5–25) | 12 (7–22) |
| Adequacy of initial antibioticsc | 57 (55.9) | 25 (55.6) | 32 (56.1) |
| Change of antibiotics after pathogen confirm | 132 (34.8) | 51 (42.9)a | 81 (31.2) |
| Escalation of antibiotics | 75 (56.4) | 33 (63.5) | 42 (51.9) |
| De-escalation of antibiotics | 24 (18.0) | 6 (11.5) | 18 (22.2) |
| Adjunctive corticosteroid treatment | 63 (16.6) | 29 (24.4) | 34 (13.1)b |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).
NIAP, non-ICU-acquired pneumonia.
a
p value was less than 0.05.
b
p value was less than 0.01.
c
Only 102 patients of all NIAP patients (treatment failure 45; treatment success 57) could determine whether initial empiric antibiotics were adequate.