Table 1.
Activators or inhibitors for AC subtypes and related diseases.
| Type of AC | Coded by | Related diseases | Activator a | Inhibitor b | Insensitive c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Membrane-bound AC | ||||||
| Type 1 | AC1 | ADCY1 | Long-term memory impairment | Ca2+; CAM and forskolin | ||
| AC3 | ADCY3 | Motor dysfunction; renal function decline; obesity; diabetes | ||||
| AC8 | ADCY8 | Long-term memory impairment; neuropsychiatric disorders | ||||
| Type 2 | AC2 | ADCY2 | Breathing dysfunction; neuropsychiatric disorders; two-way emotional disorder | Heterotrimer G protein βγ subunits; forskolin | Calcium | |
| AC4 | ADCY4 | Breast cancer | ||||
| AC7 | ADCY7 | Autoimmune diseases; depression | ||||
| Type 3 | AC5 | ADCY5 | Renal function decline; alcohol addiction; extrapyramidal movement disorders | Forskolin | Ca2+,Giα | |
| AC6 | ADCY6 | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; renal function decline; heart failure | ||||
| Type 4 | AC9 | ADCY9 | Stroke in sickle cell disease; immune function disorders; different cancer | Calcineurin | Forskolin | |
| Soluble AC | ||||||
| Type 1 | sAC | ADCY10 | Prostate cancer; breast cancer; glaucoma; diabetes | Bicarbonate, calcium and ATP | Forskolin, heterotrimer G protein | |
AC/ADCY, adenylate cyclase; CAM, calcium-regulated proteins; Giα, the α subunit of the Gi protein; ATP, adenosine triphosphate.
Activator: the ADCY subtype of this classification is stimulated under the influence of such substances, thus activating the relevant downstream molecules for a subsequent series of reactions.
Inhibitor: the ADCY subtype of this classification is inhibited under the influence of such substances, thereby reducing the occurrence of related downstream molecules and the subsequent series of reactions.
Insensitive: the ADCY subtypes of this classification are sensitive to such foreign substances and can stimulate the ADCY subtype to react accordingly.
cAMP-related pathways and biological function.