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. 2022 Jun 27;13:901772. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901772

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Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Cui, Xu, Liu, Yao and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Tumor microenvironment of “hot” and “cold” cancer. (A) High activities of effector immune cells, such as CD8+ effector T cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), dendritic cells (DC), IL+17 T cells (TH17) and CD4+ activated T cells. (B) High activities of Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), Tregs and CAFs, low activities of CTLs(CD8+)and few recruitment of dendritic cells(DCs). Since the edge of the tumor is in a state of chronic hypoxia, immune cells could migrate from the edge toward the center of tumor, making the core of tumor immunologically hot.