Table 6.
Health and economic impact of AMR in Australia: worst- and best-case scenarios.
| Organism | Worst case-high AMR prevalence, (95%CI) | Best case- low AMR prevalence, (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3GCR E. coli BSI | Resistance, % number of isolates |
19.8% (16.96, 22.64) n = 197 |
6% (4.32, 7.68) n = 201 |
| Number of infections | 1345 (747, 2162) | 410 (213, 682) | |
| Extra deaths | 184 (12, 789) | 55 (4, 250) | |
| Extra hospital days | 3147 (1739, 5065) | 959 (498, 1600) | |
| Hospital cost, AUD | $5,982,267 ($3305674, $9628303) |
$1,823,382 (947288, $3042011) |
|
| 3GCR E. coli UTI | Resistance, % number of isolates |
13.3% (12.74, 13.86) n = 3680 |
5.1% (4.94, 5.26) n = 19169 |
| Number of infections | 13,743 (7673, 21503) | 5285 (2984, 8215) | |
| Extra deaths | 0 | 0 | |
| Extra hospital days | 13,876 (7656, 21957) | 5338 (2955, 8513) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $26,378,997 ($14553831, $41741105) |
$10,147,651 ($5617252, $16183897) |
|
| 3GCR K. pneumoniae BSI |
Resistance, % number of isolates |
27% (19.70, 34.29) n = 37 |
3.7% (2.32, 5.07) n = 189 |
| Number of infections | 1105 (566, 1837) | 152 (74, 264) | |
| Extra deaths | 139 (36, 711) | 19 (0, 96) | |
| Extra hospital days | 8034 (4127, 13312) | 1102 (536, 1921) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $15,271,828 ($7846376, $25307002) | $2, 095,755 ($1018087, $3652213) | |
| 3GCR K. pneumoniae UTI |
Resistance, % number of isolates |
8% (6.55, 9.45) n = 351 |
3.2% (2.76, 3.63) n = 1640 |
| Number of infections | 2240 (1225, 3617) | 897 (494, 1429) | |
| Extra deaths | 0 (0, 371) | 0 | |
| Extra hospital days | 5129 (2797, 8312) | 2053 (1121, 3309) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $9,750,931 ($5316376, $15801525) |
$3,902,408 ($2,130,416, $6290122) |
|
| MRSA BSI | Resistance, % number of isolates |
48.8% (43.28, 54.32) n = 82 |
5.5% (3.48, 7.52) n = 127 |
| Number of infections | 5,614 (3140, 8857) | 639 (311, 1111) | |
| Extra deaths | 788 (257, 1728) | 88 (27, 127) | |
| Extra hospital days | 44,682 (24954, 70386) | 5084 (2467, 8836) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $89,941,290 ($47437029, $133804486) |
$9,663,943 ($4689142, $16796712) |
|
| MRSA UTI | Resistance, % number of isolates |
24.5% (23.33, 25.67) n = 1356 |
8.3% (5.64, 10.95) n = 108 |
| Number of infections | 1407 (795, 2209) | 479 (246, 814) | |
| Extra deaths | 44 (0, 179) | 15 (0, 61) | |
| Extra hospital days | 2024 (1126, 3208) | 690 (347, 1178) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $3,847,292 ($2139660, $6099113) |
$1,310,820 ($659749, $2240290) |
|
| Ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa BSI |
Resistance, % number of isolates |
12.1%(8.82, 15.38) n = 99 |
1.0% (0.99, 1.99) n = 101 |
| Number of infections | 396 (206, 660) | 33 (7, 81) | |
| Extra deaths | 82 (4, 273) | 7 (0,27) | |
| Extra hospital days | 1998 (1039, 3331) | 166 (38, 409) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $3,798,926 ($1975683, $6333053) | $315,634 ($71535, $778090) |
|
| Ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa RTI |
Resistance, % number of isolates |
23.9%(22.49, 25.31) n = 920 |
8.1% (7.43, 8.75) n = 1776 |
| Number of infections | 9,719 (5482, 15150) | 3302 (1854, 5232) | |
| Extra deaths | 1149 (491, 2186) | 389 (167, 743) | |
| Extra hospital days | 14,663 (8221, 23204) | 4982 (2796, 7986) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $27,873,439 ($15627912, $44111126) |
$9,470,446 ($5315503, $3523878) |
|
| Ceftazidime-resistant P. aeruginosa UTI |
Resistance, % number of isolates |
12.3% (10.35, 14.24) n = 285 |
2.3% (1.44, 3.16) n = 306 |
| Number of infections | 2773 (1512, 4386) | 517 (252, 904) | |
| Extra deaths | 51 (0, 169) | 10 (0,33) | |
| Extra hospital days | 5656 (3057, 9008) | 1056 (511, 1854) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $10,752,971 ($5811202, $17123842) |
$2,007,363 ($970642, $3523878) |
|
| VRE BSI | Resistance, % number of isolates |
64.2% (59.88, 68.52) n = 123 |
7.9% (3.52, 12.28) n = 38 |
| Number of infections | 798 (449, 1234) | 98 (41, 188) | |
| Extra deaths | 144 (44, 307) | 18 (5, 43) | |
| Extra hospital days | 1628 (891, 2584) | 199 (82, 389) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $3,095,643 ($1694607, $4913053) |
$378,840 ($156109, $739661) |
|
| VRE UTI | Resistance, % number of isolates |
57.3% (53.44, 61.16) n = 164 |
6.4% (4.61, 8.19) n = 187 |
| Number of infections | 4795 (2678, 7463) | 537 (283, 892) | |
| Extra deaths | 71 (0, 264) | 18(0, 32) | |
| Extra hospital days | 6858 (3776, 10778) | 767 (399, 1293) | |
| Hospital costs, AUD | $13,037,690 ($7178984, $20489747) |
$1,458,521 ($758872, $2457402) |