Table 2.
Demographics, neuropsychological test performance, and functioning in healthy control participants and social cognitive subgroups with schizophrenia. Clinical symptoms in social cognitive subgroups with schizophrenia.
| Healthy control participants n = 124 |
Cluster 1: Mild impairment n = 56 |
Cluster 2: Severe impairment n = 26 |
Statistic | Post-hoc (Scheffe) | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | 29.1 (7.6) | 28.7 (8.9) | 30.9 (8.0) | F = 0.71, ns |
– | – |
| Sex (males/females) | 76/48 | 35/21 | 19/7 | x2 = 1.30, ns |
– | – |
| Ecudation | 14.3 (2.4) | 12.5 (2.6) | 11.4 (2.1) | F = 23.11, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1, 2 | ηp2 = 0.19 |
| WASI IQ | 111.5 (10.4) | 104.1 (11.3) | 91.4 (13.7) | F = 37.43, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.27 |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||||
| PANSS positive | – | 13.2 (4.1) | 16.1 (5.4) | t = −2.75, p = 0.007 |
– | Cohen's d = 0.65 |
| PANSS negative | – | 13.8 (4.7) | 16.9 (5.9) | t = −2.53, p = 0.013 |
– | Cohen's d = 0.60 |
| Nonsocial cognition (T-scores) | ||||||
| MCCB total score1 | 50.1 (6.1) | 42.3 (7.0) | 36.1 (5.9) | F = 67.93, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.40 |
| Trail Making Test | 46.0 (11.9) | 42.8 (10.1) | 39.0 (9.4) | F = 4.95, p = 0.008 |
HC > 2 | ηp2 = 0.05 |
| BACS Symbol Coding2 | 47.7 (10.6) | 34.8 (9.5) | 26.5 (7.0) | F = 67.23, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.40 |
| HVLT2 | 51.5 (9.8) | 43.0 (8.5) | 35.9 (8.0) | F = 38.84, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.28 |
| WMS Spatial Span | 53.5 (10.3) | 49.2 (10.4) | 41.8 (10.0) | F = 14.82, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.13 |
| NAB Mazes | 52.1 (9.0) | 48.2 (11.7) | 42.5 (13.0) | F = 10.32, p < 0.001 |
HC > 2 | ηp2 = 0.09 |
| BVMT2 | 51.6 (9.0) | 35.0 (12.2) | 25.4 (7.8) | F = 106.94, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.51 |
| Semantic fluency | 59.0 (10.5) | 48.4 (10.9) | 42.0 (10.6) | F = 37.57, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.27 |
| CPT1 | 45.5 (9.2) | 38.3 (10.3) | 36.5 (9.0) | F = 16.81, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1, 2 | ηp2 = 0.14 |
| LNS | 45.1 (9.1) | 41.1 (9.6) | 35.1 (8.0) | F = 14.34, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1 > 2 | ηp2 = 0.12 |
| Functioning | ||||||
| SFS3 | 122.7 (6.3) | 104.1 (8.4) | 106.8 (10.1) | F = 139.13, p < 0.001 |
HC > 1, 2 | ηp2 = 0.58 |
| UPSA-BN4 | – | 77.2 (11.3) | 69.1 (13.4) | t = 2.83, p = 0.006 |
– | Cohen's d = 0.68 |
| AIPSS receiving | – | 74.7 (18.1) | 65.7 (20.7) | t = 2.01, p = 0.048 |
– | Cohen's d = 0.48 |
| AIPSS processing | – | 55.7 (20.6) | 44.9 (24.6) | t = 2.08, p = 0.041 |
– | Cohen's d = 0.49 |
| AIPSS sending | – | 57.5 (19.7) | 41.2 (14.5) | t = 3.76, p < 0.001 |
– | Cohen's d = 0.89 |
1
HC n = 123. 2 For this nonsocial cognitive test, the difference between cluster 1 and 2 in the post-hoc test remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons: 0.05/9 subtests = 0.006 new p-level. 3 HC n = 120. 4 cluster 1: n = 55, cluster 2: n = 25. For UPSA-BN and AIPSS numbers indicate percentage correct.