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. 2022 Jul 5;10:25151355221106104. doi: 10.1177/25151355221106104

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© The Author(s), 2022

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 5. — Role of cellular miRNAs in HIV/HCV co-infection: The figure summarizes the involvement of various miRNAs in the different cellular pathways commonly involved in HIV/HCV co-infection. While miR-29 and miR-155 involved in IFN-mediated suppression of viral replication, miR-122 and miR-181 inhibit apoptosis and other antiviral cellular factors to maintain a pro-viral environment within the infected cells. The red arrow denotes the inhibitory effect of miRNAs, and the green arrow represents pro-viral effects, whereas the dashed arrows signify the role of miRNAs that are yet to be examined mechanistically in HIV/HCV co-infection.