Table 2.

Summary of results of included trials.

Study (country)	Intervention	Outcome time point	Group		p	Retention
			Intervention	Control		Intervention	Control
Aguinaga et al. (USA) 36	Flexibility, Toning and Balance DVD versus Healthy Aging DVD	HADS-A			0.30	50%	91%
		Baseline	9.3	11.4
		6 months	5.3	8.9
		Change	–4	–2.5
Carmeli et al. (Israel) 37	Aerobic Training versus Non-physical Activities	HAM-A a			⩽0.05	75%	75%
		Baseline	8	8
		6 months	4	8
		Change	–4	0
Song et al. (China) 34	Tai Chi with Paroxetine versus Paroxetine Only	HAM-A			<0.05	NS	NS
		Baseline	19.4	19.7
		45 days	10.7	14.5
		Change	–8.7	–5.2
Villaverde Gutiérrez et al. (Spain) 38	Aerobic and Strength Training versus Inactive Control	HAM-A				90%	100%
		Minor (6–14)
		Baseline	7.33	7.2
		6 months	5.27	7.1
		Change	–2.06	–0.08	<0.01
		HAM-A
		Major (>14)
		Baseline	16.8	16.4
		6 months	15.0	17.0
		Change	–1.74	0.64	<0.05
		GDS
		Moderate (11–14)
		Baseline	12.0	11.9
		6 months	9.76	11.9
		Change	–2.26	0.06	<0.05
		GDS
		Severe (15–30)
		Baseline	17.3	17.2
		6 months	13.5	16.9
		Change	–3.85	–0.38	<0.01

GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Anxiety Subscale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; NS, not stated.

^aHAM-A scale adapted for participants with Intellectual Disability.