Table 1.
Excess mortality among Californians by place of death and cause of death, excluding deaths occurring in nursing facilities or hospices, March 2020 through February 2021.
| In-hospital deaths | Out-of-hospital deaths | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excess deaths | Risk ratio | Excess deaths | Risk ratio | Net (%*) | |
| Natural causes | 36,407 (34,718 to 38,096) | 1.47 (1.44 to 1.50) | 32,775 (29,509 to 36,082) | 1.26 (1.23 to 1.30) | 69,182 |
| ADRD† | −346 (−624 to −69) | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.97) | 2,587 (1,657 to 3,515) | 1.19 (1.11 to 1.27) | 2,240 (14.4) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | −1,930 (−2,520 to −1,336) | 0.90 (0.87 to 0.93) | 7,649 (5,762 to 9,539) | 1.19 (1.14 to 1.25) | 5,719 (36.9) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | −516 (−658 to −373) | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) | 1,982 (1,450 to 2,515) | 1.32 (1.22 to 1.45) | 1,467 (9.5) |
| Certain infectious and parasitic diseases | −134 (−404 to 139) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.05) | 178 (59 to 298) | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.45) | 45 (0.3) |
| COVID-19 | 44,301 | 9,366 | 53,667 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 51 (−143 to 247) | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 2,050 (1,661 to 2,443) | 1.37 (1.28 to 1.48) | 2,101 (13.5) |
| Digestive diseases | 1 (−643 to 650) | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) | 1,023 (955 to 1,092) | 1.32 (1.29 to 1.35) | 1,024 (6.6) |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | −22 (−203 to 160) | 0.98 (0.85 to 1.16) | 919 (688 to 1,152) | 1.41 (1.28 to 1.57) | 897 (5.8) |
| Genitourinary diseases | 89 (−164 to 346) | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.12) | 472 (289 to 658) | 1.25 (1.14 to 1.39) | 562 (3.6) |
| Influenza and pneumonia | −626 (−1,324 to 72) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.02) | −43 (−233 to 146) | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.22) | −669 |
| Malignant neoplasms | −3,652 (−4,331 to −2,968) | 0.78 (0.75 to 0.81) | 5,536 (5,090 to 5,981) | 1.16 (1.15 to 1.18) | 1,883 (12.1) |
| Mental and behavioral disorders | −15 (−89 to 60) | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.11) | 464 (431 to 497) | 1.50 (1.45 to 1.56) | 449 (2.9) |
| Other diseases of the nervous system | −141 (−336 to 57) | 0.92 (0.83 to 1.04) | 678 (253 to 1,107) | 1.19 (1.06 to 1.36) | 537 (3.5) |
| Other respiratory diseases | −1,474 (−1,875 to −1,069) | 0.78 (0.74 to 0.83) | 760 (475 to 1,045) | 1.09 (1.06 to 1.13) | −714 |
| Other natural causes | −285 (−378 to −193) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.94) | 252 (184 to 320) | 1.14 (1.10 to 1.19) | −33 |
| Decomposition discrepancy‡ | 1106 | −1,098 | 8 | ||
| Non-COVID-19 natural causes | −7,894 (−9,583 to 20,143) | 0.90 (0.88 to 1.16) | 23,409 (20,143 to 20,143) | 1.19 (1.16 to 1.16) | 15,515 |
*
The percent of non-COVID-19 excess mortality (last row).
†
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
‡
The estimated number of excess deaths (first row) minus the sum across specific causes of deaths (all other rows excluding the last one). The discrepancy occurs because each cause of death is modeled separately.