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. 2022 Jul 6;17:2995–3012. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S363779

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© 2022 Yousry et al.

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Surviving fraction after applying the different treatments (Vit E, Vit C, collagen, plain NE lacking Vit E, Plain NE, Vit C-loaded NE, collagen-loaded NE, and a mixture of collagen and Vit C-loaded NEs) for 48 h on (A) HFB4 cells, (B) BHK cells, (C) HFB4 cells after applying the treatments at the highest concentration (50 µL/mL), and (D) BHK cells after applying the treatments at the highest concentration (50 µL/mL). The actual data represent the mean ± SD of three separate experiments performed in duplicates. Results were analyzed for statistical significance by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey multiple comparison post-hoc test. ^aSignificant difference from Vit E, ^bSignificant difference from Vit C, ^cSignificant difference from collagen, ^dSignificant difference from Plain NE lacking Vit E, ^eSignificant difference from Plain NE, ^fSignificant difference from Vit C-loaded NE, and ^gSignificant difference from collagen-loaded NE (p<0.05).