Table 2. Surgical outcomes.
| Study | Year | ORN cause | Rx dose Gy (range) | Chemo Tx | Time to ORN after Rx | Medical Tx | Endovascular Tx |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habib et al 25 | 2020 | Sx + RT ± CT | 60 | 27/31 adjuvant 7/31 neoadjuvant |
52 (1–305) | 15/31 | ND |
| Daoudi et al 23 | 2020 | (Sx or CT) + RT | 108 (70–202) | 4/7 | 84 (12–300) | 7/7 abx, PENTOCLO | 4/7 |
| Ungar 49 | 2020 | RT | ND | ND | 84 (24–384) | ND | ND |
| Vieira et al 50 | 2020 | Sx + proton RT | 75 Gy | 0/1 | 12 | 1/1 | ND |
| Liu 24 | 2019 | RT | ND | 0/59 | 96 (6–504) | 0/7 | 4/59 |
| Chapchay 34 | 2019 | RT + CT | 70.4 | 1/1 | 2 | 1/1 | ND |
| Hallak et al 37 | 2019 | RT + CT | 70 | 1/1 | 4 | 1/1 abx | ND |
| Vlantis 51 | 2018 | RT | ND | ND | ND | 4/4 | ND |
| Huang 22 | 2018 | RT ± CT | 78.6 (68–94) | 68/162 | 81.6 (54–158) | 162/162 nasal irrigation, PENTO, abx | 14/162 |
| London 44 | 2018 | Sx + proton RT | ND | 0/1 | ND | 18/162 HBO | ND |
| Choi 55 | 2017 | RT ± CT | 111.6 (68.4–126) | 2/2 | 56 (8–120) | ND | 1/1 |
| Risso et al 48 | 2016 | RT + CT | 93 | 1/1 | 42 | 1/1 abx | ND |
| Adel and Chang 3 | 2016 | RT | 384 | 0/1 | 384 | ND | ND |
| Tan 31 | 2015 | RT | ND | 0/1 | 300 | ND | ND |
| Brand 29 | 2015 | RT | ND | 0/1 | 60 | 1/1 abx | ND |
| Hu 38 | 2013 | Sx + RT+ CT | 60 | 1/1 | 14 | ND | ND |
| Raza 47 | 2013 | RT + CT | ND | 1/1 | 22 | ND | ND |
| Wang 53 | 2011 | Sx + RT | ND | 0/1 | 121 | ND | 1/1 |
| King et al 41 | 2010 | RT + CT | ND | 8/9 | 44.6 (6–156) | 9/9 abx, HBO | ND |
| Kakarala et al 40 | 2010 | Proton RT + CT | ND | 1/1 | 6 | 1/1 abx, HBO | ND |
| Liang et al 42 | 2009 | RT | 101.5 (70–197) | 0/10 | ND | ND | ND |
| Huang et al 39 | 2006 | RT | 70 | 0/15 | (36–180) | 6/15, nasal irrigation, abx, HBO | ND |
| Wang 52 | 2006 | RT | 70.2 | 0/1 | 18 | 1/1 abx | ND |
| Mut 45 | 2005 | RT | 60 | 0/1 | 60 | 1/1 steroids | ND |
| Liu 43 | 2004 | RT | 72 | 0/1 | 18 | 1/1 HBO | 1/1 |
| Chen et al 35 | 2004 | RT | 81.8 | 0/1 | 4 | ND | 1/1 |
| Chang 33 | 2000 | RT | 76.5 (64.8–119.8) | 0/1 | 116 (21–183) | 2/6 abx | ND |
| Wu and Lee 54 | 1999 | RT | 118 | 0/1 | 12 | ND | ND |
| Ness 46 | 1996 | Sx + RT | 58 (46–70) | 0/2 | 2, 12 | 2/2 ABT, HBO | ND |
Abbreviations: abx, antibiotics; CT, chemotherapy; HBO, hyperbaric oxygen; ND, not discussed; PENTO, pentoxifylline, tocopherol; PENTOCLO, pentoxifylline, tocopherol, clodronate; RT, radiation therapy; Sx, surgery; Tx, treatment.