Figure 2.

Stability and distribution of lung-derived exosomes in dry powder formulation in the murine lung

(A) Schematic of mRNA and protein-loaded lung-derived exosome lyophilization, encapsulation, rodent DPI administration, and ex vivo histology. Created with BioRender.com.

(B) Heatmaps of RFP leakage from Lung-Exos, HEK-Exos, and Lipos detected by ELISA; n = 2 per group.

(C) Representative AFM height (I), amplitude (II), and phase (III) images of Lung-Exos; scale bar: 50 nm.

(D) Quantification of the height and diameter of Lung-Exos, HEK-Exos, and Lipos from AFM images; n = 9 per group; data are represented as mean ± standard deviation.

(E) TEM images of Lung-Exos at frozen (Frozen) or room (Lyophilized) temperatures; scale bar: 50 nm.

(F) Ex vivo images of mouse lungs that received fresh lyophilized (0 days) and 28-day-old lyophilized Lung-Exos via dry powder inhalation after 24 h.

(G) Quantification of the integrated density of GFP and RFP fluorescence in ex vivo mouse lungs 24 h after fresh (Fresh-Lyos) and 28-day-old (28-Day Lyos) dry powder inhalation; n = 3 per group; data are represented as mean ± standard deviation.

(H) Quantification of the integrated density of GFP and RFP fluorescence in ex vivo mouse lungs 24 h after nebulization and fresh (Fresh-Lyos) dry powder inhalation; n = 3 per group; data are represented as mean ± standard deviation.

(I) Quantification of the integrated density of GFP and RFP fluorescence in ex vivo mouse lungs 24 h after nebulization and 28-day-old (28-Day Lyos) dry powder inhalation; n = 3 per group; data are represented as mean ± standard deviation.