Table 1.

Investigations, recommended and possible investigations

Investigations	Recommended investigations	Possible investigations, when clinically indicated and available	Comments
Symptoms and signs	Cough Haemoptysis Fever Night sweats Fatigue Loss of appetite Weight loss/failure to thrive Reduced playfulness
Imaging	Chest radiography	Chest radiography (digital) Chest CT scan	Chest CT for complicated intrathoracic TB or if TB considered but chest radiograph was non-specific
Microbiology	Smear microscopy for AFB Molecular testing for M. tuberculosis and DST Mycobacterial culture and DST (if available)	Whole-genome sequencing	Mainly sputum, but any possible respiratory specimen in children (e.g., gastric aspirate, induced sputum, stool)
Assessment of comorbidities	Malnutrition, HIV, diabetes mellitus	Chronic kidney disease, liver disease
Assessment of substance abuse	Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, illicit drug and/or methadone use

CT =computed tomography; AFB = acid-fast bacilli; DST = drug susceptibility testing