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. 2022 Jun 22;10:891727. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.891727

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Copyright © 2022 Gong, Mao, Wang, Luo, Liu, Ben, Zhang and Guo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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XPS wide spectra of (A) UCNPs@SiO₂@Azo and (B) UCNPs@SiO₂@Azo/CD-probe. XPS C1s (C) and O1s (D) core-level spectra of UCNPs@SiO₂@Azo (top) and UCNPs@SiO₂@Azo/CD-probe (bottom) surfaces, respectively.