Table 3.
Risk estimates for adverse pregnancy outcomes according to COVID-19 infection status in pregnant women (n = 374).
| Pregnancy outcomes | Confirmed COVID-19 n = 198 |
Negative COVID-19 n = 176 |
RR [95%CI] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy outcomea | |||
| Miscarriage/Abortion/ectopic | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.1%) | – |
| Fetal Death | 4 (2.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 1.25 [0.70–2.23] |
| Live birth | 193 (98.0%) | 171 (97.8%) | Ref |
| Preterm birthb | 59 (30.3%) | 40 (23.7%) | 1.16 [0.95–1.42] |
| Pre-eclampsiac | 21 (10.8%) | 23 (13.3%) | 0.89 [0.64–1.23] |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Vaginal birth | 70 (35.3%) | 71 (40.3%) | Ref. |
| Elective C-section | 100 (50.6%) | 72 (40.9%) | 1.17 [0.95–1.44] |
| Intrapartum C-section | 28 (14.1%) | 33 (18.8%) | 0.92 [0.67–1.27] |
| Adequacy of birth weightd | |||
| SGA | 42 (22.5%) | 24 (14.8%) | 1.21 [0.97–1.50] |
| AGA | 126 (67.4%) | 114 (70.4%) | Ref. |
| LGA | 19 (10.1%) | 24 (14.8%) | 0.84 [0.58–1.20] |
| Apgar < 7 at 5th minutee | 9 (4.7%) | 5 (3.4%) | 1.15 [0.77–1.72] |
| Neonatal respiratory distressf | 43 (23.6%) | 32 (20.8%) | 1.07 [0.85–1.35] |
| Neonatal mechanical ventilationg | 25 (13.6%) | 3 (1.9%) | 1.78 [1.50–2.11] |
| NICU admissionh | 51 (27.3%) | 34 (20.7%) | 1.17 [0.95–1.44] |
| Any neonatal morbidityi | 22 (13.8%) | 9 (6.0%) | 1.43 [1.11–1.85] |
| Congenital anomaly#j | 14 (7.6%) | 5 (3.4%) | 1.36 [1.02–1.81] |
| Neonatal deathk | 7 (3.8%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1.68 [1.27–2.22] |
| Any APO/WHO*a | 73 (37.1%) | 53 (30.3%) | 1.14 [0.94–1.39] |
Missing information for a2, b10, c7, d25, e35, f38, g28, h23, i66, j41, k24.
*APO: NICU admission, preterm birth, fetal death, neonatal death, miscarriage/abortion.
#From the 19 cases of congenital anomaly. 6 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 neonatal infection; all were negative.
Significant values are in bold.