Table 1. Design of studies included in the systematic review (n=8).

Authors (year)	Desig	Sample size+age groups/parents	Study quality (score)^{7, 9}
McNeill et al. (2019)¹⁶	Longitudinal	185 children aged 3–5 years. Australia	22^a
Takeuchi et al. (2018)³	Cohort	507 children (cross-sectional=284 aged 5.7–18.4 years, and longitudinal=223 aged 8.4–21.3 years). Japan	21^a
Folkvord et al. (2017)¹⁵	Randomized controlled trial	562 children. Netherlands (211 children aged 6–11 years) and Spain (351 children aged 6–12 years)	18^b
Yu and Park (2017)¹⁷	Longitudinal	2,840 children with mean age of 9.86 ± 0.35 years. South Corea.	20^a
Slater et al. (2017)¹³	Case control	80 girls aged 8–9 years. England.	20^a
Takeuchi et al. (2016)¹¹	Longitudinal and cross-sectional	429 children (cross-sectional=240 aged 5.7–18.4 years; longitudinal=189 aged 8.4–21.3 years). Japan	19^a
Slater et al. (2016)¹⁴	Longitudinal	300 girls aged 6–9 years. Australia	17^a
Takeuchi et al. (2015)¹²	Longitudinal and cross-sectional	1,071 children aged 5.6–18.4 years (prior to study=290; after study=235; cross-sectional=276; longitudinal: 216). Japan	20^a

based on Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (Strobe)⁷

based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (Consort) 2010.⁹