Table 3. sTM and other markers in major diseases.
| Disease | Sample(s) | sTM Level ↑ (increase/↓ decrease) | Other markers | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAA | Plasma | ↑ | Fibrinogen, D-dimer, CRP | 86 108 195 |
| ARDS | Edema fluid, plasma | ↑ | vWF, P/E-selectin | 53 91 196 197 |
| Atherosclerosis | Plasma, serum | ↑ | CRP, proinflammatory cytokines, fibrinogen | 111 192 198 |
| CAP | Plasma | ↑ | PCT, CRP, copeptin | 99 199 |
| Cardioembolic stroke | Plasma | ↑ | D-dimer, TAT, vWF | 43 167 200 |
| CHD | Plasma | ↓ | Insulin, GHS-Px, TNF-α | 111 201 |
| COVID-19 | Plasma | ↑ | vWF, P-selectin | 93 94 |
| Diabetes | Plasma, serum, urine | ↑ | HbA1c, AGEs, | 30 112 121 122 123 202 |
| DIC | Plasma | ↑ | TAT, PIC, D-dimer | 40 41 101 116 117 |
| HUS | Plasma | ↑ | MMP-3, sTNFRII, sIL-6R | 119 120 203 |
| Hypertension | Plasma, serum | ↑ | CRP, PAI-1 | 119 129 130 204 |
| Lupus | Plasma, serum | ↑ | Anti-dsDNA, ANAs | 148 193 205 |
| Multiple sclerosis | Cerebral spinal fluid, plasma | ↑ | Oligoclonal bands, antibodies (anti-MOG, anti-AQP-4) | 78 79 150 206 |
| Obesity | Plasma | ↑ | NA | 154 |
| Preeclampsia | Plasma | ↑ | sFLT-1, sEng | 158 159 160 207 |
| Sepsis | Plasma, serum | ↑ | CRP, PCT, proinflammatory cytokines | 40 92 93 104 105 |
| SARS | Plasma | ↑ | Nucleocapsid protein | 100 208 |
| TTP | Plasma | ↑ | Troponin I, anti-vWFCP antibody | 119 209 210 |
Abbreviations: AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; ACI, acute cerebral infarction; AGEs, advanced glycation end products; ANAs, antinuclear antibodies; AQP-4, aquaporin-4; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CHD, coronary heart disease; COVID-19, novel coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; GHS-Px, glutathione peroxidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome; MMP-3, matrix metalloprotease protein-3; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; PCT, procalcitonin; PIC, plasmin-α2-plasmininhibitorcomplex; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; sEng, soluble endoglin; sFLT-1, soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase; sIL-6R, soluble interlukin-6 receptor; sTNFRII, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II; TAT, thrombin-antithrombin complex; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor α; TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; vWF, von Willebrand's factor; vWFCP, vWF cleaving protease.