Table 1:
Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Iran
| Author | publication Year | Location | Sample size | Related factor | Risk index | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nadji SA. (58) | 2007 | Mazandaran | Case:141 control: 92 |
active smoking, HPV infection | NA | |
| Hosseini-Khalili A. (53) | 2009 | Tehran | 20 male | mustard gas | NA | |
| Hosseini M. (45) | 2009 | Tehran | Case:242 Control: 242 |
Smoking | OR(CI): 5.4(3.2–8.9) | |
| Occupational exposures to inorganic dusts | OR(CI): 4.2(2.8–6.7) | |||||
| chemical compounds | OR(CI): 3.4 (2.1–5.6) | |||||
| heavy metals | OR(CI): 3.0(1.3–7.0) | |||||
| Razmkhah m. (59) | 2005 | Shiraz | Case: 72 Control: 262 |
AG genotypes of SDF-1 | p-value =0.008 | |
| Mosavi-Jarr Ahi A (60) | 2009 | Iran | 12,488,020 men, 677,469 women | occupational exposure | RR(CI):1.9 (1.7–2.1) for high exposure 1.3 (1.2–1.4)for low exposure | |
| Karimzadeh L. (61 | 2011 | Tehran | Case: 40 Control: 40 |
consumption of baked bread in traditional oven | OR(CI): 22.6(1.9–270) | |
| Mahaki B. (62) | 2011 | Iran | - | Smoking | Posterior Median : 1.067 | |
| Karimzadeh L. (56) | 2012 | Tehran | Case: 50 Control: 50 |
nitrate and nitrite | OR(CI): 2.7( 0.13–0.96) | |
| Masjedi MR. (49) | 2013 | Tehran | case: 242 Control: 484 | Smoking | OR(CI): 6.2 (3.3–11.6) | |
| Male/Female | OR(CI): 3.1 (1.2–8.1) | |||||
| Hosseini M. (47) | 2014 | Tehran | case: 242 Control: 484 | Bread | OR(CI): 1.54 (1.02–2.32) | |
| Rice | OR(CI): 1.84(1.17–2.89) | |||||
| beef (Upper third month) | OR(CI): 2.67 (1.39–5.10) | |||||
| Butter | Middle third month | OR(CI): 1.70(1.07–2.71) | ||||
| Upper third month | OR(CI): 2.94 (1.79–4.82) | |||||
| White cheese | Middle third month | OR(CI): 3.87 (2.52–2.93) | ||||
| Upper third month | OR(CI): 6.52 (3.49–12.18) | |||||
| Yogurt | Middle third month | OR(CI): 2.37 (1.46–3.83) | ||||
| Upper third month | OR(CI): 2.98 (1.77–5.00) | |||||
| vegetable ghee | OR(CI): 2.27 (1.17–4.40) | |||||
| animal ghee | OR(CI): 7.71 (3.17–18.74) | |||||
| Najafi F. (48) | 2016 | Iran | 413591 | -daily cigarette smoking -low consumption of vegetables |
NA | |
| Safari A. (63) | 2016 | Tehran | 490 | Opium consumption | NA | |
| Dehghani M. (64) | 2018 | Yasuj | Case:34 Control: 61 |
C allele rs2645429 in Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 |
OR(CI): C allele 2.71(1.12–6.59) CC : 3.02(1.09–8.39) |
|
| Motovali-Bashi M. (65) | 2012 | Isfahan | Case: 65 Control: 80 |
possessed heterozygous (*1/*2A) genotype | OR(CI): 2.79(1.01–7.65). | |
| Zafarghandi MR. (51) | 2013 | Iranian veterans | 7,570exposed and 7,595 unexposed with 25-year follow-up | Sulfur mustard exposure | Incidence rate ratio: 1.81 (95 % CI 1.27–2.56), Age adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.64 (95 % CI 1.15–2.34), HR of cancer: 2.02 (95 % CI 1.41–2.88). | |
| Keeley BR. (66) | 2014 | Golestan | Case: 78 Control: 81 |
G-CSF | OR: 27.7 | |
| GM-CSF | OR: 13.3 | |||||
| Nikseresht M. (67) | 2018 | Yasuj | Case: 34 Control: 50 |
C-allele of the rs2245214 ATG5 gene polymorphism | OR(CI): 3.52(1.33-9.26) | |
| Adibhesami G. (68) | 2018 | Tehran | Case: 120 Control: 120 |
T0M1 / T1M1 genotype was | OR(CI): 3.46(1.61–7.46) | |
| Rahmati A. (69) | 2016 | Golestan | 50,045 adults enrolled from 2004 to 2008, followed annually until June 2015 | Opium use | HRs (1.73 (95% CI: 0.99–3.03) | |
| Eydian Z. (70) | 2016 | Zabol | Case: 200 Control: 200 |
P53 codon 72 polymorphism | Non-significant | |
| Motovali-Bashi M. (71) | 2014 | Isfahan | Case: 288 Control: 352 |
Lys751Gln polymorphism | OR(CI):1.8(I 0.848–3.819) | |
| 751Gln/Gln genotype | OR(CI): 0.7(0.307–1.595). | |||||
| Karimzadeh L. (56) | 2012 | Tehran | Case: 40 Control: 40 |
Animal sources of nitrate and nitrite intake | OR(CI): 2.7(0.13–0.9) | |
| fruit intake | OR(CI): 0.26 (1.3–11) | |||||
| Rikhtegar S. (72) | 2018 | Tehran | Case: 50 Control: 50 |
KRAS | P-value :0.01 | |
| NRAS expression levels | P-value :0.001 | |||||
| Ahmadi M. ( 73 ) | 2018 | Yazd | Case: 96 Control: 100 |
CHRNA3 rs1051730 single nucleotide polymorphism | Non-significant | |
| Chitsaz M. ( 74 ) | 2018 | Tehran | Case: 50 Control: 50 |
Expression of EGFR And FGFR4 Genes | P-value :0.003 | |
| Amini F. (75) | 2017 | Isfahan | Case: 61 Control: 111 |
miR-214-binding site polymorphism in EGFR | Non-significant | |
| Motovali-Bashi M. ( 76 ) | 2012 | Isfahan | Case: 120 Control: 100 |
Distribution of C(−1562)T genotype in type IV collagenase promoter | OR(CI): 19.89 (3.21–120.60) in age group of < 60 yr | |
| Motovali-Bashi M. ( 35 ) | 2012 | Isfahan | Case: 172 Control: 123 |
gelatinase B genotype | OR(CI): 2.56(0.06–23.82) | |
| Motovali-Bashi M. ( 77 ) | 2012 | Isfahan | Case: 112 Control: 120 |
T/C single nucleotide polymorphism in CYP1A1 gene | P-value :0.001 | |
| C allele | P-value : 0.0001 | |||||
| Motovali-Bashi M. ( 78 ) | 2013 | Isfahan | Case: 120 Control: 110 |
−765G/C polymorphism of cyclooxygenase 2 genes | P-value : 0.06 | |
| Rashidi M. (55) | 2014 | Isfahan | - | Arsenic | - | |
| Mobasheri MR. ( 58 ) | 2014 | - | - | particulate matter <2.5 micrometers | R=0.65 | |
| Ghayyoumi M. ( 79 ) | 2015 | Shiraz | Case: 50 Control: 38 |
Serum level of Triose Phosphate Isomerase | P-value: 0.76 | |
| Hamedi F. ( 80 ) | 2017 | Fars | Case: 100 Control: 100 |
Gln/Gln in male. | P-value: 0,044 | |
| Keshvary Ravan H. (81) | 2017 | Shahrekord | Case: 50 Control: 77 |
All c | In: Case 90%, control 82% | |
| Alle t | In: Case 10% control 16.2% | |||||
| Sazgar H. (82) | 2017 | Shahrekord | Case: 100 Control: 100 |
CT genotype | OR(CI): 3.59(2.04–6.69) | |