. 2022 Jul 11;12(7):e9104. doi: 10.1002/ece3.9104

TABLE 2.

Mean percent bias (B) in estimates of occupancy for Species A across 500 simulations with three true levels of occupancy of Species A (Ψ^A) under three patterns of co‐occurrence with Species B (i.e., independence, avoidance, and aggregation) when the population was either closed (Closed) or not closed (Open) to changes in the occupancy state with sampling at N = 100 or 250 random sites and repeated surveys at a fine‐scale (FS) or large‐scale (LS) temporal resolution (TR)

N	TR	Ψ^A	Independence		Avoidance		Aggregation
			(Ψ^BA = Ψ^Ba)		(Ψ^BA < Ψ^Ba)		(Ψ^BA > Ψ^Ba)
			Closed B ^A	Open B ^A	Closed B ^A	Open B ^A	Closed B ^A	Open B ^A
100	FS	0.40	2.17	8.95	1.32	8.72	1.45	9.29
		0.55	1.20	10.73	1.39	10.18	1.14	10.80
		0.70	1.26	10.35	0.07	10.04	0.88	10.53
100	LS	0.40	3.07	11.79	1.61	11.28	2.25	12.08
		0.55	1.64	13.18	1.75	12.59	1.31	13.30
		0.70	1.50	12.27	0.38	11.81	1.28	12.17
250	FS	0.40	0.68	7.41	0.78	7.33	0.72	7.64
		0.55	0.51	9.33	0.34	9.11	0.77	9.36
		0.70	0.49	10.24	0.26	9.52	0.43	9.88
250	LS	0.40	0.82	9.51	0.98	9.09	0.91	9.72
		0.55	0.84	11.74	0.58	11.07	0.89	11.60
		0.70	0.60	12.12	0.28	11.36	0.59	11.75

Notes: Ψ^BA = True occupancy of Species B in the presence of Species A; Ψ^Ba = True occupancy of Species B in the absence of Species A; Fine‐scale temporal resolution included 21 surveys; Large‐scale temporal resolution collapsed fine‐scale surveys into three surveys each containing seven sequential fine‐scale surveys.