Table 3.
Unadjusted COVID-19 Hospitalization Rates and Adjusted Booster Vaccine Effectiveness, Stratified by Patient Characteristicsa
| Variable | No. (%) of patients (N=7,880,950) |
Hospitalization rate per 1,000,000 person-days among boosted individuals | Hospitalization rate per 1,000,000 person-days among unboosted individuals | Hospitalization rate difference (95% CI), boosted individuals vs unboosted individuals | Booster vaccine effectiveness, % (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 7,880,950 | 8.20 (7.81-8.60) | 43.70 (42.79-44.64) | 35.51 (24.50-36.51) | 81 (80-82) |
| COVID-19 original vaccine | |||||
| Pfizer | 4,035,158 (51.2%) | 9.69 (9.13-10.29) | 50.14 (48.83-51.47) | 40.44 (39.00-41.88) | 81 (79-82) |
| Moderna | 3,845,792 (48.8%) | 6.30 (5.79-6.84) | 35.56 (34.33-36.83) | 29.26 (27.91-30.62) | 82 (81-83) |
| Age group (y) | |||||
| 66-70 | 2,248,536 (28.53) | 4.89 (4.35-5.50) | 22.27 (21.06-23.55) | 17.38 (16.01-18.75) | 79 (76-81) |
| 71-75 | 2,169,531 (27.5) | 6.21 (5.59-6.91) | 32.83 (31.35-34.39) | 26.62 (24.96-28.27) | 81 (79-83) |
| 76-80 | 1,526,810 (19.4) | 8.36 (7.50-9.33) | 50.42 (48.24-52.70) | 42.06 (39.65-44.47) | 83 (81-85) |
| 81-85 | 1,006,481 (12.8) | 12.38 (11.07-13.83) | 65.49 (62.43-68.71) | 53.11 (49.69-56.54) | 81 (79-83) |
| ≥86 | 929,592 (11.8) | 16.22 (14.66-17.95) | 84.50 (80.86-88.30) | 68.28 (64.21-72.35) | 81 (79-83) |
| Race | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 6,807,760 (86.4) | 8.21 (7.80-8.65) | 45.37 (44.37-46.40) | 37.16 (36.06-38.26) | 82 (81-83) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 337,824 (4.3) | 10.94 (8.92-13.41) | 44.39 (40.12-49.11) | 33.45 (28.44-38.46) | 76 (70-81) |
| Asian | 225,590 (2.9) | 3.96 (2.61-6.02) | 17.71 (14.53-21.59) | 13.75 (9.87-17.63) | 79 (66-87) |
| Hispanic | 218,912 (2.8) | 10.80 (8.40-13.88) | 37.31 (32.59-42.71) | 26.51 (20.78-32.24) | 72 (63-79) |
| Other | 290,864 (3.7) | 5.82 (4.31-7.85) | 28.65 (25.03-32.79) | 22.83 (18.59-27.07) | 80 (72-85) |
| Medicaid eligibility | |||||
| No | 7,388,256 (93.8) | 7.66 (7.28-8.07) | 42.18 (41.25-43.12) | 34.52 (33.50-35.53) | 82 (81-83) |
| Yes | 492,694 (6.2) | 16.03 (13.97-18.40) | 66.16 (61.81-70.81) | 50.12 (45.12-55.13) | 76 (72-79) |
| No. of prior hospitalizations | |||||
| 0 | 6,986,464 (88.6) | 6.05 (5.70-6.43) | 36.43 (35.54-37.34) | 30.38 (29.41-31.35) | 83 (82-84) |
| 1 | 675,388 (8.6) | 19.39 (17.44-21.56) | 82.57 (78.41-86.94) | 63.18 (58.45-67.91) | 76 (73-79) |
| ≥2 | 219,098 (2.8) | 38.34 (33.66-43.66) | 144.92 (135.46-155.03) | 106.60 (95.61-117.60) | 73 (69-77) |
| Prior COVID-19 | |||||
| No | 7,398,502 (93.9) | 8.07 (7.67-8.49) | 44.64 (43.96-33.02) | 36.57 (35.53-37.62) | 82 (81-83) |
| Yes | 482,448 (6.1) | 10.07 (8.46-11.98) | 29.84 (26.96-33.02) | 19.77 (16.28-23.27) | 67 (60-73) |
| Residence prior to original vaccination | |||||
| Community | 7,754,612 (98.4) | 8.03 (7.64-8.44) | 43.66 (42.74-44.60) | 35.63 (34.62-36.64) | 82 (81-82) |
| Nursing facility | 126,338 (1.6) | 17.59 (13.68-22.60) | 45.99 (39.36-53.76) | 28.41 (19.99-36.83) | 62 (49-72) |
| Comorbidity status | |||||
| Anemia | |||||
| No | 7,052,259 (89.5) | 6.23 (5.87-6.61) | 36.91 (36.03-37.82) | 30.68 (29.71-31.65) | 83 (82-84) |
| Yes | 828,691 (10.5) | 24.20 (22.22-26.36) | 99.59 (95.45-103.91) | 75.39 (70.68-80.10) | 76 (74-78) |
| Autoimmune | |||||
| No | 7,560,335 (95.9) | 7.49 (7.11-7.89) | 42.21 (41.30-43.14) | 34.72 (33.71-35.72) | 82 (81-83) |
| Yes | 320,615 (4.1) | 21.93 (19.17-25.09) | 81.16 (74.99-87.83) | 59.23 (52.17-66.29) | 73 (68-77) |
| Leukemia/lymphoma | |||||
| No | 7,750,947 (98.4) | 7.17 (6.81-7.56) | 42.76 (41.85-43.69) | 35.59 (34.59-36.58) | 83 (82-84) |
| Yes | 130,003 (1.6) | 52.95 (46.60-60.17) | 106.59 (95.39-119.10) | 53.64 (40.01-67.26) | 53 (44-61) |
| Cancer | |||||
| No | 7,151,157 (90.7) | 7.58 (7.19-8.00) | 42.31 (41.37-43.28) | 34.73 (33.70-35.77) | 82 (81-83) |
| Yes | 729,793 (9.3) | 13.50 (12.01-15.18) | 57.70 (54.28-61.34) | 44.20 (40.34-48.06) | 77 (74-80) |
| Congestive heart failure | |||||
| No | 7,338,605 (93.1) | 6.83 (6.47-7.22) | 36.88 (36.01-37.77) | 30.05 (29.09, 31.00) | 82 (80, 83) |
| Yes | 542,345 (6.9) | 26.94 (24.31-29.86) | 128.50 (122.83-134.42) | 101.60 (95.13-108.01) | 79 (77-81) |
| Dementia | |||||
| No | 7,496,063 (95.1) | 7.55 (7.17-7.95) | 40.79 (39.88-41.72) | 33.24 (32.24-34.24) | 82 (81-83) |
| Yes | 384,887 (4.9) | 22.81 (19.81-26.27) | 89.41 (84.19-94.96) | 66.60 (60.33-72.87) | 73 (68-77) |
| Depression | |||||
| No | 7,173,168 (91.0) | 7.46 (7.08-7.87) | 40.57 (39.65-41.52) | 33.11 (32.09-34.12) | 82 (81-83) |
| Yes | 707,782 (9.0) | 15.74 (13.99-17.70) | 72.97 (69.24-76.90) | 57.23 (52.98-61.49) | 78 (75-81) |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 6,205,824 (78.7) | 6.28 (5.90-6.68) | 34.20 (33.29-35.13) | 27.92 (26.92-28.93) | 82 (81-83) |
| Yes | 1,675,126 (21.3) | 15.50 (14.35-16.75) | 77.13 (74.58-79.78) | 61.63 (58.76-64.50) | 80 (78-82) |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 3,509,797 (44.5) | 4.39 (3.97-4.85) | 25.12 (24.09-26.20) | 20.73 (19.59-21.88) | 83 (81-84) |
| Yes | 4,371,153 (55.5) | 11.25 (10.64-11.89) | 58.13 (56.73-59.56) | 46.88 (45.33-48.43) | 81 (79-82) |
| Renal failure | |||||
| No | 7,055,470 (89.5) | 5.92 (5.57-6.29) | 35.66 (34.79-36.55) | 29.74 (28.79-30.69) | 83 (81-84) |
| Yes | 825,480 (10.5) | 27.18 (25.05-29.49) | 110.20 (105.83-114.74) | 83.01 (78.04-87.99) | 76 (73-78) |
a
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HR, hazard ratio.
b
We derived HRs for COVID-19 hospitalization for each subcohort, adjusted for all the other patient characteristics. Vaccine effectiveness was computed as (1 − HR) × 10. In this analysis, we combined some patient characteristics. Supplemental Table 1 shows vaccine effectiveness for all individual patient characteristics.