Table 3.
Association between background characteristics and not being vaccinated while being pregnant, May 1, 2021 and May 24, 2022 (n = 55 845) and August 15, 2021 and May 24, 2022 (n = 38 447) in Norway.
| Characteristics |
Full study period: May 1, 2021 to May 24, 2022 |
Restricted study period: August 15, 2021 to May 24, 2022 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall (vaccinated and not vaccinated) N = 55 845 |
At least one dose while pregnant n = 21 195 |
Not vaccinated while pregnant n = 34 650 |
Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
At least one dose while pregnant n = 20 931 |
Not vaccinated while pregnant n = 17 516 |
Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
Age-adjusted Risk Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
|
| Maternal age (years) – n (%) | ||||||||
| <20 | 480 (0.9) | 121 (0.6) | 359 (1.0) | 1.26 (1.19, 1.33) | 120 (0.6) | 206 (1.2) | 1.52 (1.40, 1.66) | |
| 20–24 | 5265 (9.4) | 1615 (7.6) | 3650 (10.5) | 1.17 (1.14, 1.19) | 1598 (7.6) | 2097 (12.0) | 1.37 (1.32, 1.42) | |
| 25–29 | 18 715 (33.5) | 6769 (31.9) | 11 946 (34.5) | 1.07 (1.06, 1.09) | 6706 (32.0) | 6157 (35.2) | 1.15 (1.12, 1.19) | |
| 30–34 | 21 224 (38.0) | 8600 (40.6) | 12 624 (36.4) | Reference | 8485 (40.5) | 6007 (34.3) | Reference | |
| 35–39 | 8680 (15.5) | 3529 (16.7) | 5151 (14.9) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 3475 (16.6) | 2574 (14.7) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.06) | |
| >40 | 1481 (2.7) | 561 (2.7) | 920 (2.7) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 547 (2.6) | 475 (2.7) | 1.12 (1.5, 1.20) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) – n (%) | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 1690 (3.0) | 567 (2.7) | 1123 (3.2) | 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) | 555 (2.7) | 616 (3.5) | 1.17 (1.11, 1.24) | 1.14 (1.08, 1.21) |
| 18.5-<25 | 30 293 (54.2) | 11 617 (54.8) | 18 676 (53.9) | Reference | 11 493 (54.9) | 9367 (53.5) | Reference | Reference |
| 25-<30 | 7857 (14.0) | 4811 (22.7) | 7857 (22.7) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 4754 (22.7) | 3972 (22.7) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) |
| >30 | 4725 (8.5) | 3044 (14.4) | 4725 (13.6) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 2995 (14.3) | 2472 (14.1) | 1.01 (0.9, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.03) |
| Missing | 3425 (6.1) | 1156 (5.5) | 2269 (6.5) | 114 (5.4) | 1089 (6.2) | |||
| Parity – n (%) | ||||||||
| Nulliparous | 23 712 (42.5) | 9313 (43.9) | 14 399 (41.6) | Reference | 9189 (43.9) | 7254 (41.4) | Reference | Reference |
| Multiparous | 32 133 (57.5) | 11 882 (56.1) | 20 251 (58.4) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.05) | 11 742 (56.1) | 10 262 (58.6) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) | 1.11 (1.09, 1.14) |
| Educational level (years) – n (%)a | ||||||||
| <9 | 7507 (13.4) | 2153 (10.2) | 5354 (15.5) | 1.28 (1.25, 1.30) | 2132 (10.2) | 3161 (18.0) | 1.68 (1.63, 1.73) | 1.74 (1.67, 1.82) |
| 10–12 | 10 656 (19.1) | 3734 (17.6) | 6922 (20.0) | 1.16 (1.14, 1.18) | 3700 (17.7) | 7617 (43.5) | 1.40 (1.36, 1.44) | 1.39 (1.34, 1.46) |
| >12 | 31 662 (56.7) | 13 968 (65.9) | 17 694 (51.0) | Reference | 13 777 (65.8) | 3696 (21.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Missing | 6020 (10.8) | 1340 (6.3) | 4680 (13.5) | 1322 (6.3) | 3042 (17.4) | |||
| Income – n (%)a | ||||||||
| 1st tertile | 25 746 (46.1) | 9315 (43.9) | 16 431 (46.0) | Reference | 9201 (44.0) | 8773 (50.1) | Reference | Reference |
| 2nd tertile | 14 845 (26.6) | 5938 (28.0) | 8907 (25.7) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) | 5876 (28.1) | 4100 (23.4) | 0.84 (0.92, 0.87) | 0.80 (0.77, 0.83) |
| 3rd tertile | 11 631 (20.8) | 5061 (23.9) | 6570 (18.9) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.90) | 4984 (23.8) | 2788 (15.9) | 0.73 (0.71, 0.76) | 0.66 (0.63, 0.70) |
| Missing | 3623 (6.5) | 881 (4.2) | 2742 (7.9) | 870 (4.2) | 1855 (10.6) | |||
| Birth country – n (%) | ||||||||
| Scandinavia | 41 280 (74.1) | 17 767 (83.9) | 23 513 (68.1) | Reference | 17 565 (83.9) | 10 679 (61.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Other European countries |
6176 (11.1) |
1336 (6.3) | 4840 (14.0) | 1.37 (1.35, 1.40) | 1310 (6.3) | 2979 (17.0) | 1.84 (1.79, 1.88) | 1.89 (1.84, 1.93) |
| Middle East/ Africa | 4017 (7.2) | 633 (3.0) | 3384 (9.8) | 1.48 (1.46, 1.50) | 626 (3.0) | 2241 (12.8) | 2.07 (2.02, 2.12) | 2.06 (2.01, 2.11) |
| Other | 4218 (7.6) | 1437 (6.8) | 2781 (8.1) | 1.16 (1.13, 1.18) | 1409 (6.7) | 1517 (8.7) | 1.37 (1.21, 1.42) | 1.43 (1.37, 1.48) |
| Missing | 7 (0.01) | 2 (0.01) | 5 (0.01) | 21 (0.1) | 100 (5.7) | |||
| Smoking status – n (%) | ||||||||
| Non-smoker | 47 208 (84.5) | 18 202 (85.9) | 29 006 (83.7) | Reference | 17 984 (85.9) | 14 450 (82.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Smoker | 2589 (4.6) | 789 (3.7) | 1800 (5.2) | 1.13 (1.10, 1.16) | 770 (3.7) | 969 (5.5) | 1.25 (1.20, 1.31) | 1.25 (1.19, 1.30) |
| Missing | 6048 (10.8) | 2204 (10.4) | 3844 (11.1) | 2177 (10.4) | 2097 (12.0) | |||
| Living with partner – n (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 52 713 (94.4) | 20 226 (95.4) | 32 487 (93.8) | Reference | 19 983 (95.5) | 16 324 (93.2) | Reference | Reference |
| No | 2232 (4.0) | 680 (3.2) | 1152 (3.3) | 1.13 (1.10, 1.16) | 666 (3.2) | 877 (5.0) | 1.26 (1.21, 1.32) | 1.26 (1.21, 1.32) |
| Missing | 900 (1.6) | 289 (1.4) | 611 (1.8) | 282 (1.3) | 315 (1.8) | |||
| Pre-pregnancy comorbidity – n (%) | ||||||||
| Anyb | 5075 (9.1) | 2146 (10.1) | 2929 (8.5) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.95) | 2088 (10.0) | 1416 (8.1) | 0.88 (0.84, 0.91) | 0.88 (0.84, 0.92) |
| Pregnancy related factors – n (%) | ||||||||
| Gestational diabetes | 3554 (6.4) | 1217 (5.7) | 2337 (6.7) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | 1195 (5.7) | 1275 (7.3) | 1.14 (1.10, 1.19) | 1.18 (1.13, 1.22) |
| Preeclampsia | 1625 (2.9) | 680 (3.2) | 945 (2.7) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | 669 (3.2) | 480 (2.7) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) |
| Multiple pregnancy | 776 (1.4) | 319 (1.5) | 457 (1.3) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 311 (1.5) | 213 (1.2) | 0.89 (0.80,0.99) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.00) |
a
For the age-adjusted analysis of education and income, only those above 30 years of age are included. Income in Norway was based on household income and tertiles were calculated based on the pregnant population.
b
Includes diabetes, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, lung disease/asthma and thrombosis.