Fig. 1.

Levels of serum gasdermin D and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment in the different severity and outcome groups. The box-and-whisker plots represent the serum GSDMD (A) and M30 (B) levels and the ratio of GSDMD to M30 levels (C) in the COVID-19 patients stratified into the mild to moderate group (no need for oxygen supplementation; n = 10), severe group (need for oxygen supplementation with no ventilation assistance; n = 14), and critical group (need for ventilation assistance, n = 22). The box-and-whisker plots represent the serum GSDMD (D) and M30 (E) levels and the ratio of GSDMD to M30 levels (F) in the COVID-19 patients classified into the group that did not require MV and survived (n = 13) and the group that required MV or died (n = 33). Data are shown as medians (A, C, D, F) or means (B, E), and error bars represent the 10–90 percentile range values. Statistical significance of differences between the three groups was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test for GSDMD levels (A) and ratio of GSDMD to M30 (C) and using ANOVA for M30 (B), followed by Holm correction for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance of the difference between the two groups was calculated using Mann–Whitney U test for GSDMD levels (D) and ratio of GSDMD to M30 (F) and using t-test for M30 (E). (ANOVA, analysis of variance; GSDMD, gasdermin D; MV, mechanical ventilation; M30, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment).