Table 1.
Overall baseline clinical features and biomarkers of patients with COVID-19 in this study.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 46) | Mild to moderate group (n = 10) | Severe group (n = 14) | Critical group (n = 22) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.83 (12.52) | 62.40 (9.35) | 60.93 (15.41) | 64.23 (12.13) | 0.746 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 41 (89.1) | 8 (80.0) | 12 (85.7) | 21 (95.5) | 0.380 |
| Weight (kg) | 71.22 (22.74) (n = 25) |
62.25 (11.44) | 83.00 (37.05) | 72.28 (20.58) | 0.282 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 13 (28.2) | 2 (20.0) | 2 (14.3) | 9 (42.9) | 0.147 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 15 (32.6) | 1 (10.0) | 5 (35.7) | 9 (42.9) | 0.188 |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 8 (17.4) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (7.1) | 6 (28.6) | 0.205 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 5 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (14.3) | 3 (14.3) | 0.448 |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.322 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 6 (13.0) | 1 (10.0) | 3 (21.4) | 2 (9.5) | 0.562 |
| Connective tissue disease, n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.5) | 0.483 |
| Duration from disease onset to the first visit (days) | 9.02 (6.01) | 5.20 (3.49) | 8.29 (3.69) | 11.23 (7.17) | 0.023 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 2.78 (0.56) (n = 44) |
3.39 (0.60) | 2.75 (0.40) | 2.54 (0.44) | <0.001a |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 474.09 (294.27) | 279.90 (93.00) | 627.14 (387.02) | 464.95 (235.51) | 0.014b |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 10.19 (8.50) (n = 45) |
5.63 (6.19) | 9.44 (5.70) | 12.71 (9.98) | 0.056 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 1271.73 (1455.47) (n = 34) | 595.48 (710.65) | 1143.33 (969.30) | 1546.11 (1756.63) | 0.364 |
| KL-6, U/mL | 466.05 (365.99) (n = 39) |
232.80 (51.20) | 451.92 (332.40) | 530.33 (411.84) | 0.260 |
| PaO2/FIO2 | 249.83 (114.95) | 394.30 (81.42) | 206.19 (76.99) | 211.93 (95.34) | <0.001c |
Binary variables are expressed as n (%), and continuous variables as means (standard deviations).
Mild to moderate group, COVID-19 patients not needing oxygen supplementation.
Severe group, COVID-19 patients needing oxygen supplementation with no ventilation assistance.
Critical group, COVID-19 patients needing ventilation assistance.
(PaO2/FIO2, ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen).
Statistically significant differences between the mild to moderate and severe groups and between the mild to moderate and critical groups (P-value after Holm correction <0.007 and < 0.001, respectively).
Statistically significant difference only between the mild to moderate and severe groups (P-value after Holm correction = 0.011).
Statistically significant differences between the mild to moderate and severe groups and between the mild to moderate and critical groups (P-value after Holm correction <0.001 for both).