Table 2.
Association of selected predictors with changes in alcohol intake (any changes and either increased or decreased) compared to no changes, mutually adjusted model presented with odds ratios (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in CLSA participants who completed the CLSA COVID-19 exit survey (fall 2020)
| Any change | Increased | Decreased | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex at baseline | |||
| Male | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) |
| Female | Ref | ||
| 3-level age group at COVID exit | |||
| < 65 | 1.44 (1.31, 1.59) | 2.84 (2.45, 3.30) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) |
| 65–74 | 1.27 (1.16, 1.39) | 2.17 (1.88, 2.52) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) |
| 75+ | Ref | ||
| Province of residence at COVID | |||
| Newfoundland | 0.71 (0.60, 0.84) | 0.55 (0.44, 0.70) | 0.85 (0.70, 1.04) |
| Prince Edward Island | 0.60 (0.44, 0.82) | 0.62 (0.40, 0.96) | 0.58 (0.38, 0.88) |
| Nova Scotia | 0.80 (0.70, 0.92) | 0.81 (0.68, 0.97) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.94) |
| New Brunswick | 0.68 (0.52, 0.90) | 0.53 (0.35, 0.81) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.13) |
| Quebec | 0.92 (0.83, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 0.87 (0.75, 0.99) |
| Ontario | Ref | ||
| Manitoba | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.83 (0.69, 0.99) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) |
| Saskatchewan | 0.64 (0.49, 0.82) | 0.40 (0.27, 0.61) | 0.86 (0.64, 1.15) |
| Alberta | 0.83 (0.74, 0.94) | 0.80 (0.68, 0.95) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) |
| British Columbia | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.22) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) |
| 4-level education at baseline | |||
| Less than secondary school | Ref | ||
| Secondary school graduation | 1.35 (1.07, 1.70) | 1.71 (1.14, 2.56) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.66) |
| Some post-secondary education | 1.47 (1.16, 1.87) | 1.67 (1.10, 2.53) | 1.49 (1.13, 1.96) |
| Post-secondary degree/diploma | 1.46 (1.19, 1.81) | 2.07 (1.42, 3.02) | 1.26 (0.99, 1.60) |
| 5-level annual household income at follow-up | |||
| Less than $20,000 | Ref | ||
| $20,000–$49,999 | 1.26 (1.01, 1.57) | 1.36 (0.96, 1.92) | 1.18 (0.91, 1.53) |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 1.46 (1.17, 1.81) | 1.90 (1.36, 2.66) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.57) |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 1.69 (1.35, 2.12) | 2.59 (1.84, 3.64) | 1.20 (0.92, 1.58) |
| $150,000 or more | 2.02 (1.61, 2.54) | 3.27 (2.31, 4.62) | 1.32 (1.00, 1.74) |
| Number living in household at COVID baseline | |||
| One (living alone) | 1.18 (1.08, 1.29) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.31) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.35) |
| Two or more | Ref | ||
| Smoked cannabis 1 month or longer | |||
| Never | Ref | ||
| Previous | 1.23 (1.10, 1.36) | 1.35 (1.18, 1.54) | 1.11 (0.96, 1.28) |
| Current | 1.62 (1.42, 1.85) | 1.91 (1.62, 2.24) | 1.36 (1.13, 1.63) |
| CES-D 10: screen for depression result | |||
| Negative screen for depression | Ref | ||
| Positive screen for depression | 1.41 (1.28, 1.56) | 1.66 (1.46, 1.90) | 1.20 (1.05, 1.37) |
| GAD-7 anxiety severity classification | |||
| No/minimal anxiety | Ref | ||
| Mild anxiety | 1.19 (1.08, 1.31) | 1.29 (1.13, 1.46) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) |
| Moderate anxiety | 1.39 (1.16, 1.67) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.87) | 1.25 (0.98, 1.60) |
| Severe anxiety | 1.47 (1.12, 1.94) | 1.53 (1.10, 2.12) | 1.34 (0.92, 1.96) |
| UCLA loneliness scale—total score | |||
| Negative | Ref | ||
| Positive | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) | 1.10 (0.98, 1.23) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) |
| Consequences of COVID-19 on self and household | |||
| Negative | 1.42 (1.31, 1.54) | 1.63 (1.45, 1.83) | 1.27 (1.15, 1.40) |
| No effect | Ref | ||
| Positive | 1.64 (1.42, 1.88) | 1.75 (1.44, 2.12) | 1.57 (1.31, 1.87) |