Table 3.

T-test of independent variables on PTSD symptoms scores in PWS-related trauma vs. other trauma.

PTSD symptoms scores	PWS-related trauma		Other trauma		t (91)	p-value	Cohen's d
	M	SD	M	SD
Total	18.76	13.64	10.61	12.13	2.988	0.004**	12.853
Intrusion	0.90	0.90	0.49	0.71	2.404	0.019*	0.805
Avoidance	1.02	1.15	0.50	0.89	2.403	0.019*	1.017
Negative alterations in cognition and mood	0.88	0.74	0.52	0.71	2.379	0.020*	0.722
Negative alterations in arousal and reactivity	1.00	0.73	0.59	0.60	2.922	0.005**	0.666

n = 91 (number of participants who experienced trauma during lifetime). Intrusion, Avoidance, Negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and Negative alterations in arousal and reactivity represent respectively the four distinct PTSD symptoms clusters B to E on the PCL-5-NL for DSM-5 (20). Mean PTSD symptom values are shown for the group who reported PWS-related trauma (n = 42) and the group who reported Other trauma (n = 49), as well as the results of the t test (assuming unequal variance) comparing the PTSD symptom scores between the two groups. ^*p < 0.05. ^**p < 0.01.