TABLE 3.

The effect and mechanisms of polysaccharides from Astragali radix against AD.

APS	Method	Inducer	Experimental model	Mechanisms	Effects	References
APS	In vivo	/	APP/PS1 transgenic mice	Nrf2, SOD, GSH-Px↑	Attenuate oxidative stress, inhibit Aβ accumulation	Qin et al. (2020)
				Keap1, MDA, apoptotic cells, Aβ40 and Aβ42↓
APS	In vivo	/	APP/PS1 transgenic mice	Plaque-associated GFAP, plaque-associated Iba-1↓	Suppress neuroinflammation	Huang et al. (2017)
				Microglia activation to M1
				TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-12↓
				Arg-1 and IL- 10↑
APS	In vivo	/	EAE mousemodel	C3, miRNA-155↓	Suppress neuroinflammation	Liu X et al. (2021)