Table 2.

The sex-specific relation of diabetes with changes in brain structure in older men and women (N = 893).

	Men, n = 447	Women, n = 446	Interactiona	p-valueb
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Atrophy
Non-diabetic	Ref	Ref	Ref
Diabetic (model 1)	1.14 (0.60–2.18)	2.16 (1.00–4.67)*	1.22 (0.50–2.94)	p = 0.66
Diabetic (model 2)	1.17 (0.60–2.29)	2.46 (1.11–5.42)*	1.32 (0.46–2.79)	p = 0.77
Diabetic (model 3)	1.00 (0.51–1.96)	2.18 (1.00–4.72)*	1.17 (0.48–2.87)	p = 0.71
WMH
Non-diabetic	Ref	Ref
Diabetic (model 1)	1.20 (0.76–1.89)	1.11 (0.65–1.89)	0.88 (0.47–4.00)	p = 0.70
Diabetic (model 2)	1.15 (0.72–1.84)	1.09 (0.63–1.88)	0.85 (0.45–1.60)	p = 0.61
Diabetic (model 3)	1.01 (0.63–1.62)	1.04 (0.61–1.79)	0.78 (0.41–1.49)	p = 0.45
Microbleeds
Non-diabetic	Ref	Ref
Diabetic (model 1)	0.59 (0.26–1.32)	0.82 (0.31–2.20)	1.04 (0.32–3.34)	p = 0.67
Diabetic (model 2)	0.65 (0.28–1.49)	0.86 (0.31–2.32)	0.97 (0.30–3.13)	p = 0.95
Diabetic (model 3)	0.46 (0.20–1.00	0.75 (0.28–2.03)	0.93 (0.29–3.01)	p = 0.90
Lacunes
Non-diabetic	Ref	Ref
Diabetic (model 1)	1.68 (0.92–3.04)	2.60 (1.24–2.46)*	1.10 (0.49–6.91)	p = 0.82
Diabetic (model 2)	1.64 (0.87–3.07)	2.72 (1.24–5.93)*	1.00 (0.41–2.10)	p = 0.84
Diabetic (model 3)	1.38 (0.74–2.56)	2.40 (1.13–5.07)*	0.95 (0.37–1.91)	p = 0.63

WMH, White Matter Hyperintensities.

Data are presented as OR with (95% CI).

Model 1: adjusted for age.

Model 2: adjusted for age, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Model 3: Adjusted for age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and presence of CVD (coronary disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, CVA or TIA, peripheral arterial disease).

^*p-value < 0.05.

^aInteraction term (sex multiplied by diabetes) added to the logistic regression.

^bStatistical significance of the interaction term in the logistic regression analysis.