TABLE 7.
Application of ICP-MS in the determination of heavy metal elements in other medicinal materials derived from plants and soil.
| Latin name | Medical system | Therapeutic use | Main pharmacological effects | Origin of medicinal materials a | Test results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels | Traditional Chinese medicine | Irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, constipation | Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-senile dementia | Gansu and Yunnan Provinces of China | The detection limits of elements in Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels soil in different areas of Gansu and Yunnan province were Pb 0.0213 μg/L, Cd 0.0196 μg/L, As 0.0168 μg/L, Hg 0.0215 μg/L, Cu 0.0241 μg/L, Cr 0.0192 μg/L, Sb 0.0189 μg/L, Ni 0.0176 μg/L, Zn 10 μg/L, Fe 18 μg/L, Mn 11 μg/L, Mg 3 μg/L, Ca 11 μg/L, Na 12 μg/L, and K 15 μg/L, respectively. The correlation coefficients are between 0.9989 and 1.0000 (Gu et al., 2014) |
| Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Tumor, inflammation, cardiovascular disease | Anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, mutagenic, and anti-tumor | Bozhou, Anhui province of China | The contents of Mg, Al, Fe, Ba, Mn, Cr, Se, and Mo in C. morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. soil were determined. The average recoveries of the eight elements were 94.77%–124.11%, and the RSD values were 2.34%–7.96% (n = 6) (Yu et al., 2014) |
| Cordyceps cicadae Miquel. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Tumor, hyperglycemia | Anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-tumor | — | The contents of K, Na, Ca, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Cu in C. cicadae Miquel. were determined. The correlation coefficient of the standard curve of each element is 0.9990–0.9999, the recovery is 95.25%–103.73%, and the RSD value is less than 4% (Gu, 2020) |
| Cordyceps militaris Link. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Cough, acute and chronic bronchitis, asthma | Anti-inflammatory, bacteriostatic, and anti-tumor | — | The contents of Ca, Fe, Zn, and Se in commercial C. militaris Link. Samples were detected. The Zn content of C. militaris Link. is generally high, and other elements are at the normal level (Xiao, 2019) |
| Cordyceps sinensis Berk. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Impotence, lumbago, cough | Anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, and anti-aging | Qinghai and Sichuan provinces of China | 1) The contents of various elements in C. sinensis Berk. soil in Qinghai and Sichuan provinces of China were determined. As is 7.60–20.60 mg/kg, Pb 18.16–28.44 mg/kg, Cr 20.15–66.31 mg/kg, Cu 22.35–35.23 mg/kg, and Cd 0.06–1.48 mg/kg (Chen et al., 2018b) |
| 2) The residues of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Cu in fresh C. sinensis Berk. were determined. The linear relationship of the five heavy metals in their respective mass concentration range was good, r > 0.996, and the average recovery was 99.55%–121.73% (RSD < 4.3%) (Qian et al., 2019a) | |||||
| Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Insomnia, cough | Anti-tumor, anti-aging, prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and protection of liver injury | Anhui, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Guangdong, and Jilin provinces of China | The contents of heavy metals in G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. Spore powder from different producing areas such as Anhui, Zhejiang, and Shandong were determined. Pb is 0.19 mg·kg−1, As is 0.16 mg·kg−1, Hg is 0.02 mg·kg−1, Cu is 14.73 mg·kg−1, and Cd is 0.34 mg·kg−1. After wall breaking, Pb was 0.21 mg·kg−1, As was 0.12 mg·kg−1, Hg was 0.02 mg·kg−1, Cu was 15.81 mg·kg−1 and Cd was 0.37 mg·kg−1 (Hu et al., 2016) |
| Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f. | Mongolian medicine of China | Tumor, anabrosis, hemorrhage | Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-tumor | — | The contents of Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Cu in G. hanburyi Hook.f. were determined. The linear relationship between the five elements is good (r ≥ 0.9995), and the mass concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As are 0–50 μg·L−1. The linear relationship is good, and the detection limits are Pb 0.020 μg·L−1 Cd 0.012 μg·L−1, As 0.035 μg·L−1. The mass concentration of Cu is 0–500 μg·L−1. The linear relationship is good, and the detection limit is 0.05 μg·L−1. The mass concentration of Hg is 0–5 μg·L−1. The linear relationship is good, and the detection limit is 0.007 μg·L−1 (Yan et al., 2020) |
| Conioselinum anthriscoides “Chuanxiong” | Traditional Chinese medicine | Heartache, thoracalgia, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, headache | Anti-tumor, anticoagulant, anti-cerebral ischemia, and anti-depression | Sichuan province of China | The contents of Cd, As, Cu, and Pb in C. anthriscoides “Chuanxiong” soil were determined. The linearity of each element in the corresponding range is good (r > 0.999), the precision is good (RSD < 4%, n = 6), and the recovery is 92.7%–107.9% (Chen et al., 2014b) |
| Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. H. Wilson | Traditional Chinese medicine | Tumor, inflammation, dental caries | Anti-epilepsy, anti-depression, anti-dementia, anti-cerebral ischemia, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic | Sichuan, Hubei, and Shanxi provinces of China | The contents of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, Ba, and Pb in M. officinalis Rehder & E. H. Wilson from different producing areas in Sichuan, Hubei, and Shanxi provinces of China were determined. The standard curve of each element has a good linear relationship (r = 0.9998–1.0000). The recovery of standard addition is 90.57%–114.56%. There were significant differences in the content of metal elements in M. officinalis Rehder & E. H. Wilson samples from different producing areas, and the content of heavy metals in some medicinal materials exceeded the standard (Fang et al., 2018) |
| Phellodendron amurense Rupr. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Spermatorrhea, eczema | Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, hypoglycemic, and hypotensive | — | The contents of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in P. amurense Rupr. were determined. The relative standard deviation of each element was 3.2%–17.8%, and the recovery was 70%–120% (Kou et al., 2007) |
| Polyporus umbellatus Pers. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Edema, diarrhea | Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-mutation | Anhui, Hunan, Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hunan provinces or autonomous regions of China | The contents of Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and U in P. umbellatus Pers. from different places in Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, and Inner Mongolia provinces of China were determined. Cu ≤ 20.0 μg·g−1, As ≤ 2.0 μg·g−1, Cd ≤ 0.3 μg·g−1, Hg ≤ 0.2 μg·g−1, Pb ≤ 5.0 μg·g−1 (Lao et al., 2016) |
| Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Loose stools, diarrhea, uneasiness, Insomnia | Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and hypolipidemic | Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, and Inner Mongolia provinces or autonomous regions of China | The contents of Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and U in P. cocos (Schw.) Wolf. from different places in Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Anhui, and Inner Mongolia provinces of China were determined. Cu ≤ 20.0 μg·g−1, As ≤ 2.0 μg·g−1, Cd ≤ 0.3 μg·g−1, Hg ≤ 0.2 μg·g−1, Pb ≤ 5.0 μg·g−1 (Lao et al., 2016) |
| Rheum tanguticum (Maxim. ex Regel) Balf. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Constipation, pharyngeal swelling, amenorrhea, water fire scald, upper gastrointestinal bleeding | Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and lipid-lowering | — | The contents of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, and As in R. tanguticum (Maxim. ex Regel) Balf. soil in the Songpan area were determined. The standard curve of five elements had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficients were between 0.9996 and 0.9999 (Wang et al., 2014a) |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | Traditional Chinese medicine | Irregular menstruation, insomnia, angina pectoris | Anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-liver injury | Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Shandong, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Liaoning provinces of China | The contents of Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ba, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in wild S. miltiorrhiza Bunge soils from 27 different producing areas in Shaanxi, Hunan, and Henan were determined. Al > K > Ca > Mg > Ba > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd (Yu et al., 2017b) |
| Viscum articulatum Burm.f. | Traditional Chinese medicine | Hypertension, arrhythmia, tumor, hepatitis | Anti-tumor, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, anti-aging, and antiviral | — | The contents of 18 trace elements of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Hg, and Pb in V. articulatum Burm.f. on tea tree were determined. The detection limit is 0.03363–26.59 μg/L, the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) is 1.54%–7.57%, and the recovery is 90.17%–109.7%. The contents of K, Ca, Mg, and Al in V. articulatum Burm.f. are high (Wu et al., 2011) |
a
Note: the origin of medicinal materials recorded in the table is collected from the articles.
If the origin of medicinal materials is not recorded in the articles, it is indicated by “—.”