Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jun 28;13:904225. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.904225

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Chen, Zhai and Liang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic of IL-1β/IL-1R1 pathway and epilepsy. This figure shows the activation and secretion of IL-1β and its epileptogenic mechanism in combination with IL-1R1. AMPA, aminohydroxymethyloxazole propionic acid; BBB: blood–brain barrier; DAMP, danger-associated molecular patterns; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; GLU, glutamate; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-1R, interleukin-1receptor; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factors κB; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PRR, pattern recognition receptors; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex.