Figure 2.

Patient lies supine, intubated by single-lumen endotracheal tube under general anaesthesia. The robotic bronchoscope enters the endotracheal tube via the head-side. Robotic bronchoscopy guided by CBCT in our hybrid operating room is usually performed by two operators. One operator (right) performs fine-tuning of the direction of bronchoscope using the controller console, another operator (left) controls the advancement of instruments and commands fluoroscopic screening using different angles of C-arm. The lesion is usually marked on the fluoroscopy screen using i-guide® CBCT platform so that the relationship between instruments and lesion can be seen on live fluoroscopy. In this figure, the robotic arm can be seen in very close proximity with the C-arm. Both the robotic platform monitor and the fluoroscopy screen should be visible to both operators, and communication is important for coordination.