TABLE 1.
List of metal or heavy atom-based photosensitizers approved or in clinical trials for photodynamic therapy of cancer
| Generic name | Chemical name | Wavelength (λmax) | Clinical status |
|---|---|---|---|
| TLD-1433 | Ruthenium–polypyridine | 525 nm | In clinical trials, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer |
| Purlytin | Tin ethyl etiopurpurin | 664 nm | In clinical trials, basal cell cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma, prostate cancer, and breast adenocarcinoma |
| Silicon phthalocyanine | 675 nm | In clinical trials, skin cancer | |
| Photosens | Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride | 676 nm | In clinical trials, stomach, skin, lip, oral, and breast cancers |
| Zinc phthalocyanine | 676 nm | In clinical trials, skin cancer and squamous cell carcinoma | |
| Lutrin | Motexafin lutetium | 732 nm | In clinical trials, prostate, breast, cervical, brain, skin, and superficial cancers |
| Stakel | Palladium-bacteriopheophorbide (WST11) | ∼750 nm | In clinical trials, prostate cancer |
| TOOKAD soluble | Palladium-bacteriopheophorbide (WST09) | 763 nm | Approved prostate cancer |