TABLE 2.

Proposed nosology and cut‐off values of postural abnormalities in parkinsonism

Nosology	Agreement
When you evaluate patients with parkinsonism, consider to:
1) Split axial not physiological postures from appendicular ones (ie, hand and foot deformities)	100%, round 1
2) Use the term “postural abnormalities” to indicate Pisa syndrome, camptocormia, antecollis, and milder forms of axial postural abnormalities	72%, round 1
3) Use the term “camptocormia” to indicate a reversible and severe anterior (sagittal plane) flexion of the trunk, according with its diagnostic criteria	90.9%, round 1
4) Use the term “Pisa syndrome” to indicate a reversible and severe lateral (coronal plane) flexion of the trunk, according with its diagnostic criteria	90.9%, round 1
5) Use the term “antecollis” to indicate a reversible and severe anterior (sagittal plane) flexion of the neck, according with its diagnostic criteria	72.7%, round 2
6) For postural abnormalities not severe enough to be called camptocormia, Pisa syndrome or antecollis, use the following terms: “anterior trunk flexion,” “lateral trunk flexion,” and “anterior neck flexion”	90.9%, round 3 (upper and lower anterior trunk flexion and lateral trunk flexion); 81.8%, round 3 anterior neck flexion)
Cut‐off values
Coronal plane postural abnormalities
<5°	Normal posture
≥5° to ≤10°	Lateral trunk flexion
>10°	Pisa syndrome
Sagittal plane postural abnormalities
Thoracic
<25°	Normal posture
≥25° to ≤45°	Anterior trunk flexion thoracic fulcrum (C7‐T12 vertebrae)
>45°	Camptocormia thoracic fulcrum (C7‐T12 vertebrae)
Lumbar
≤15°	Normal posture
>15° to ≤30°	Anterior trunk flexion lumbar fulcrum (L1–L5 vertebrae, hip flexion)
>30°	Camptocormia lumbar fulcrum (L1–L5 vertebrae, hip flexion)
Cervical
≤35°	Normal neck posture
>35° to ≤45°	Anterior neck flexion
>45°	Antecollis